Enhanced Transepithelial Riboflavin Delivery Across the Cornea Using Magnetic Nanocarriers

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dc.contributor.authorCoskun, Alaaddin
dc.contributor.authorSenturk, Fatih
dc.contributor.authorTuran, Eylem
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:48:21Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:48:21Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractPurpose: Keratoconus is a progressive corneal ectasia characterized by irregular astigmatism, leading to corneal scarring and decreased vision. Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is the standard treatment to halt disease progression, but its effectiveness in transepithelial (epithelium-on, epi-on) approaches is limited by the low permeability of the corneal epithelium to riboflavin (Rb). This study aimed to enhance transepithelial Rb penetration in ex vivo bovine corneas using Rb-modified tannic acid-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Rb-TA-SPIONs) under an external magnetic field.Methods: SPIONs were synthesized via co-precipitation, modified with TA and Rb, and characterized by physicochemical techniques. The average size of the Rb-TA-SPIONs was 46 +/- 5.3 nm, with a saturation magnetization of 55.9 emu/g. Ex vivo experiments involved the application of 0.1% Rb to bovine corneas, and penetration was evaluated under epi-on conditions with iontophoresis (1-5 mA, 5 min). In addition, a 0.1% Rb-containing nanocarrier solution was tested under magnetic fields of 1-300 Gauss.Results: Results showed increased Rb penetration with rising electric current density and Rb-TA-SPION penetration with stronger magnetic fields, compared with epi-on control groups. Specifically, Rb penetration increased from 0.036% (P <= 0.01) at 1 mA to 0.059% (P <= 0.001) at 5 mA in the iontophoresis group and from 0.035% (P <= 0.001) at 1 G to 0.054% (P <= 0.001) at 300 G in the magnetic group.Conclusion: These findings indicate that magnetic nanoparticle-assisted Rb delivery, guided by an external magnetic field, could improve potential CXL efficacy by enhancing Rb penetration and corneal permeability.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipYozgat Bozok University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [6602a-TF/19-296]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was supported by Yozgat Bozok University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Grant No.6602a-TF/19-296).en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1089/jop.2024.0183
dc.identifier.endpage140en_US
dc.identifier.issn1080-7683
dc.identifier.issn1557-7732
dc.identifier.issue3en_US
dc.identifier.pmid39883041en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85216984234en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage131en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2024.0183
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/21853
dc.identifier.volume41en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001409136100001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMary Ann Liebert, Incen_US
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Ocular Pharmacologyand Therapeuticsen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectkeratoconusen_US
dc.subjectriboflavinen_US
dc.subjectmagnetic nanoparticleen_US
dc.subjectcorneal crosslinkingen_US
dc.titleEnhanced Transepithelial Riboflavin Delivery Across the Cornea Using Magnetic Nanocarriersen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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