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Öğe The role of deep learning-based algorithms in retinal image processing: a review(Springer, 2026) Çelik, Canan; Yücedağ, İbrahimThe use of deep learning techniques in retinal image processing has revolutionized the early diagnosis of eye diseases. Particularly, deep learning-based methods are increasingly being used to detect significant anatomical structures of the retina, such as the optic disk, optic cup, macula, fovea, and vessels, as well as for the recognition of various eye diseases. This review article discusses various applications of deep learning techniques on fundus retinal images and summarizes recent developments in this field. The article covers many topics, including lesion detection and segmentation, biomarker segmentation, disease diagnosis, image synthesis, and other applications. The section on lesion detection and segmentation details various CNN, FCN, U-Net, and Mask-RCNN architectures used to detect specific lesion types such as hemorrhages, microaneurysms, exudates, and drusen. The biomarker segmentation section focuses on vessel and optic disk/cup (OD/OC) segmentation, examining innovative methods such as encoder-decoder architectures and GANs used in the classification of these structures. The disease diagnosis and image synthesis sections discuss how deep learning models can be used in the early diagnosis of diseases and their applications in medical image synthesis. Finally, the other applications section explores potential new uses of deep learning in fundus image analysis. Additionally, the importance of datasets used for training deep learning models and their impact on model performance is highlighted. This study demonstrates how deep learning techniques can revolutionize retinal image analysis and summarizes technological advancements and methodological innovations in this field. The research also aims to evaluate the impact of these technologies on clinical applications, contributing to the development of diagnostic and treatment methods in the field of eye health.Öğe Diagnosing internal illnesses using pervasive healthcare computing and neural networks(Elsevier, 2025) Bayraktar, Canan; Karan, Oğuz; Gümüşkaya, HalukThis paper presents a novel distributed pervasive healthcare system for diagnosing internal illnesses using pervasive healthcare computing and artificial neural networks (ANNs) and reporting healthcare results to the patients. Mobile wireless communication and information technologies have been used in new healthcare systems. The new advances in wireless communications and small mobile devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and new improvements in PDA’s CPU, memory and I/O components provide a particularly promising platform for pervasive healthcare applications due to PDA’s central role in people’s lives. Patients having internal diseases need to have many tests at hospitals, and a typical test report in some cases may have more than a hundred test results. It becomes a difficult, time consuming and error prone process for a doctor to diagnose the internal illnesses using such long reports. In this study we have been developing a distributed pervasive healthcare system which uses the hospital’s main database. An ANN classifier at the hospital’s server diagnoses internal illnesses and the simplified and understandable results are reported to the patients. The patients learn their analysis results anywhere and at any time using their PDA. Furthermore this system also provides the patients to learn their old and new analysis results. Our purpose in this study is not only to facilitate the work of doctors but also to provide freedom of movement for patients.Öğe Diagnosing diabetes using neural networks on small mobile devices(ELSEVIER, 2012) Karan, Oğuz; Bayraktar, Canan; Gümüskaya, Haluk; Karlık, BekirPervasive computing is often mentioned in the context of improving healthcare. This paper presents a novel approach for diagnosing diabetes using neural networks and pervasive healthcare computing technologies. The recent developments in small mobile devices and wireless communications provide a strong motivation to develop new software techniques and mobile services for pervasive healthcare computing. A distributed end-to-end pervasive healthcare system utilizing neural network computations for diagnosing illnesses was developed. This work presents the initial results for a simple client (patient’s PDA) and server (powerful desktop PC) two-tier pervasive healthcare architecture. The computations of neural network operations on both client and server sides and wireless network communications between them are optimized for real time use of pervasive healthcare services.Öğe Waste-Free Kitchen Practices of Michelin Guide Starred Restaurants: The Case of Türkiye(ROMAYA, 2025) Kayış, Vedat; Şahin Perçin, N.Waste-free kitchen means keeping the waste materials that may occur at production, service and consumption points in the application units under control without threatening human health and the environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the studies on waste-free kitchen practices of Michelin Guide starred restaurant establishments in Türkiye and to develop recommendations for food and beverage establishments. The study group of the research consists of the establishments in Türkiye that have received a Michelin Star in the Michelin Guide 2024 selection. The sample consists of six participants determined by purposive sampling, one of the non-probability based sampling types. In the study, in which qualitative research method was used, data were obtained through online interviews with semi-structured interview technique. The data were analyzed with MAXQDA computer-aided qualitative data analysis system. In addition, common practices and differences between restaurants were examined in depth through thematic analysis. As a result of the findings obtained from the analyses, deficiencies in waste-free kitchen practices such as waste-free menu, reuse of organic waste, not preferring disposable materials, on-the-job training of personnel and cooperation with suppliers were identified. The results obtained from this study and the suggestions developed for various segments in the light of the results offer a new perspective by making a unique contribution to the literature.Öğe Some Curvature Tensor Relations on Nearly Cosymplectic Manifolds with Tanaka-Webster Connection(2022) Ayar, GülhanIn this article, some curvature properties with respect to Tanaka-Webster connection on nearly cosymplectic manifolds have been studied.Öğe Age and growth of the needlefish, Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque, 1810) from the Levantine coast, North-Eastern Mediterranean(Univ Oradea Publ House, 2025) Erguden, Deniz; Turan, Cemal; Ivanova, Petya Pavlova; Dogdu, Servet Ahmet; Raykov, Violin Stoyanov; Yankova, Maria; Yaglioglu, DenizThe present study is the first to determine the age and growth parameters of the needlefish Tylosurus imperialis in the Northeastern Mediterranean. A total of 320 specimens of T. imperialis were caught by gill nets from Turkish coasts (Iskenderun Bay) in the Northeastern Mediterranean between October 2020 and September 2021. The maximum age was 5 years for both sexes combined, and the age group 3-4 comprised 77.5 % of the samples. The total length distribution of T. imperialis was 60 to 109 cm, and the weight distribution was 309 to 1985 g. The b value was between 3.20 and 3.31 for females and males, respectively. The parameter b from the length-weight relationship characterizes a positive allometric growth. Growth equations were calculated as W=0.0006xL(3.2026) (R-2= 0.912) for females, W=0.0004xL(3.3163) (R-2= 0.896) for males, and W= 0.0005xL(3.2456) (R-2=0.904) for all specimens. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L-infinity= 139.29 cm, K= 0.119 year(-1), t(0)= -1.819 year for females, L-infinity= 138.50 cm, K= 0.113 year(-1), t(0)= -1.834 year for males and L-infinity= 138.33 cm, K= 0.112 year(-1), t(0)= -1.839 year for all specimens. The spawning period of T. imperialis was determined to be between April and August for both sexes. This data will be useful for the fisheries management of needlefish stocks in our study area and elsewhere.Öğe EFFECTS OF LITHOSPERMIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION AGAINST ACUTE EXERCISE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RATS(Nobel Ilac, 2024) Coknaz, Hakki; Karaoglan, Esen Sezen; Ozgen, UfukObjective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether lithospermic acid (LSA), a naturally derived polyphenolic compound, supplementation could prevent acute exercise- induced oxidative damage to skeletal muscle tissue in the rats. Material and Method: Rats were randomly selected and divided into three groups (n= 7/group): Group 1Control group (non-exercise, UT), Group 2- Exercise group (exercise, T) and Group 3- Exercise+lithospermic acid group (exercise+lithospermic acid, T/LSA). At the end of the exercise protocol, the samples were removed from the right leg quadriceps muscle. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured in the muscle samples. Result: Compared to the UT group, malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity levels in the muscle tissue of the T group significantly increased (p<0.001). MDA and MPO activity levels significantly decreased in the T/LSA group compared to the T group (p<0.05). Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels significantly decreased in the T group compared to the UT group (p<0.05). GSH and SOD activity levels in muscle tissue significantly increased in the T/LSA group compared to the T group (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in MDA, MPO, GSH, and SOD levels between the UT group and T/LSA group (p>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study shows that oxidative activity levels in the muscle tissue of the T/LSA group decreased significantly in skeletal muscle-induced acute exercise in rats, so it can be considered that lithospermic acid has a protective effect against oxidative damage.Öğe Histopathological Analysis of the Role of Horn on the Memory/Intelligence Processing Areas of the Brain and the Blood Brain Barrier in Female Sheep(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2024) Ozturk, Cengiz; Yarar, Burhan; Keles, Osman Nuri; Malkoc, Ismail; Cetin, Zehra Aslihan; Tanriverdi, Esra Cinar; Aydin, Mehmet DumluBecause horned animals are prone to conflict, they may have a higher risk of developing a brain contusion as a result of a horn strike. Repeated brain trauma can affect the hippocampus, which is involved in memory and orientation. The aims of study thi was to histopathologically examine the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of the hippocampus in horned and hornless female sheep. 4 Skulls horned of and 6 hornless female sheep aged 16 +/- 4 months were obtained from the abattoir. Brains were carefully removed and preserved in 10 % formalin for 5 days. Sections were taken from bilateral hippocampus. Specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) neland Tu methods, and the histopathologic structures of the BBB were examined by light microscopy. BBB damage scores evaluated. ltsThe wreresu analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. The BBB damage score was found to be higher in horned female sheep. Astrocytes was more branching and BBB was more intact in hornless female sheep. This is considered that more astrocyte branches may play an importanthe role in protective mechanism. The difference in intracerebral defense mechanism against brain trauma in female sheep may serveel as fora mod investigating molecular mechanisms. The impairment of the BBB in the hippocampal region of horned female sheep may resulteir in th memory, intelligence, and navigational abilities being lower than those of hornless female sheep. This could open the horizon better f advances in human and animal brain health.Öğe ON GENERALIZED CONFORMABLE FRACTIONAL CALCULUS ON TIME SCALES WITH APPLICATION TO A FRACTIONAL NONLOCAL THERMISTOR PROBLEM(Georgian Natl Acad Sciences, 2025) Bendouma, Bouharket; Sarikaya, Mehmet ZekiIn this paper, we give a new general definition of conformable fractional derivative and integral on time scales, and study some of their important classical properties. As an application, the existence of solutions for the conformable fractional nonlo cal thermistor problem on time scales is studied by using the Banach contraction principle and Schauder's fixed point theorem.Öğe In Vitro Research on Antimicrobial Activity of Native Anatolian Honey Bee Products against Paenibacillus larvae Strains(Tarbiat Modares Univ, 2025) Sonmez, Emine; Kekecoglu, Meral; Bozdeveci, Arif; Karaoglu, Sengul AlapyWorldwide, one of the most damaging diseases in beekeeping is American Foulbrood (AFB). The causative agent of the disease is Paenibacillus larvae, which can remain in spore form in the environment for decades and does not lose its virulence. In the management of this disease, it is inevitable to find an alternative method to the use of antibiotics and burning the hives. In this study, after determining the Total Phenolic (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Contents (TFC) of seven different Anatolian honey bee products (bee venom, bee bread, pollen, royal jelly, propolis, queen bee larvae, drone brood larvae), in vitro antimicrobial activities of these products against two different P. larvae strains were tested. As a result of Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 colorimetric methods, there were significant differences between the samples, and the highest content values were obtained from the propolis samples. The antimicrobial activity results showed that, P. larvae strains were susceptible to all bee products, except queen bee larvae and drone brood larvae. The most significant inhibition was obtained from Anatolian bee venom with the lowest MIC dose 6.25 mu g mL(-1), Bacterial strains showed susceptibility to Anatolian beebread with an effective dose of 7.81 mu g mL(-1) following bee venom. This study is an important first step in identifying new active compounds for the use of in-hive natural products in the development of new preventive treatments against AFB disease, alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments.Öğe ALTERNATIVE MORTAR PRODUCTION FOR FLOORING BELONGING TO HISTORICAL BUILDING ENVIRONMENTS(Serban Solacolu Foundation, 2024) Onur, Ozlem Ozkan; Yerli, OzgurThe construction technology, design, and materials of historical structures and their surroundings are among the most important documents of history. The use of original materials in maintenance and repair work is crucial for preserving these structures with their original qualities. In this study, the aim was to produce cement-free lime mortars for the sustainability of natural stones used in the floor covering of Topkap & imath; Palace, one of the most important structures of cultural heritage. In mortar production, 30% air lime was used as a binder, along with varying ratios of brick fragments and dust, yellow sand, clay lime and quartz aggregate, fly ash, tooth snag water, glass fiber, and water. Physical and mechanical analyses of the produced mortars were conducted, as well as FESEM-EDS and XRD analyses for the internal structure of the materials. According to the analysis results, it was determined that the tooth snag water used instead of water had no mechanical effect on the mortars, while fly ash and glass fiber had positive effects on their physical and mechanical properties. These mortars, which have a calcite mineral structure, contain high amounts of Ca, C, O, Si, Mg, Al, and small amounts of Fe and S elements. It can be recommended to use glass fiber and fly ash added mortars, which have high porosity, low unit volume weight, and sufficient compressive strength, in the hard ground pedestrian paths of the structure.Öğe Generalized k-Cesàro Polynomials(Padova Univ Press, 2025) Cin, Yahya; Ozmen, NejlaThe main purpose of this study is to introduce k-analogue of the generalized Ces & agrave;ro polynomials and give their some properties. Firstly, generalized k-Ces & agrave;ro polynomials are defined with the help of a generating function relation. After getting the explicit form of these polynomials, various generating function relations, the Mellin transform formula, expressions in terms of k-hypergeometric function and some integral representations are obtained.Öğe American Medical Missionary Activities in Basra in the Late Ottoman Period: Lansing Memorial Hospital(Istanbul 29 Mayis Univ & Isam, 2025) Sahin, EmineOne of the most important cities of Iraq on the eastern border of the Ottoman Empire was the province of Basra, where international trade was active and which could also be considered as a gateway to India. Basra was also of high importance for the United States of America because it was the trade centre of the East and the gateway to the South Asian market, and because of the presence of oil in the neighbouring province of Khuzestan. In the vacuum created by the Ottoman Empire's loss of power in the region in the 19(th) century, America, which wanted to create an area of dominance for itself, carried out activities here. Accordingly, the Arabian Mission, founded by American Protestant missionaries at the end of the 19(th) century, established a station in Basra, which was identified as its first target for education and health activities. In 1911, it opened a hospital in Basra under the name of Lansing Memorial, and Protestant doctors and nurses affiliated with the Arabian Mission started to serve there. This study focuses on the activities of the Arabian Mission in Basra starting from the end of the 19(th) century. The primary sources of this research are the documents of the Ottoman Archives and the publications of the Arabian Mission, while literature on the Arabian Mission has also been used.Öğe A MIXTURE DESIGN GUIDE TO PRODUCE PERVIOUS CONCRETES BY BASALT AGGREGATES WITH DIFFERENT GRADATIONS AND DETERMINATION OF ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCED CONCRETES(Serban Solacolu Foundation, 2023) Karaalioglu, Emre; Comak, Bekir; Aykanat, BatuhanAs a result of rapid urbanization, impermeable surfaces used in* roads, pavements, parks, and gardens cause a rapid increase in the number of urban floods and overflows. As they infiltrate rainwater into the subsurface and decrease the surface water flow, protect the underground water sources, support sustainability, and offer solutions to relieve the environmental concerns, pervious concretes gain importance with each passing day. In this study, to enhance the mechanical characteristics of them without compromising on their permeability characteristics it was aimed to make the optimum mixture design of pervious concretes which are prepared with basalt aggregates. 3 different paste volumes (15%, 20%, 25%) and 3 different aggregate gradations (10-15 mm, 5-10 mm, 10-15 mm (50%) + 5-10 mm (50%)) were used. Density, consistency, void rate, permeability, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength tests were performed on produced pervious concrete samples. As a conclusion, it was determined that aggregate size has been directly proportional to void rate, while void rate has been inversely proportional to compressive strength in pervious concretes. It was determined that optimum design mixture was the (P25-F100-C0) mixture which was produced with 5-10 mm basalt aggregates that had 25% cement paste volume.Öğe The Tripartite Constructive Language in Ian Kiaer's Art Practice(Istanbul Univ, 2025) Boztunali, Zehra Seda; Kayapinar, UmutContemporary art presents an interdisciplinary structure that incorporates diverse perspectives and techniques. In this context, the article aims to examine productions that are connected to the space through objects incorporated into the artwork, without severing their connection with the wall surface, thereby coexisting with the space. The scope of the research is limited to prominent works from the Endnote: Tooth project by British artist Ian Kiaer, produced between 2005 and the present, which focus on the tripartite construct of surface, object, and space. In Kiaer's works, which begin on the wall surface and extend into the space through various found objects, it is observed that fragile and delicate materials, such as inflatable balloons, are used. These multi-part installations open up an alternative space between painting and sculpture as they extend from the wall into the environment, allowing the space to be actively integrated into the work and transforming the space itself into the painting. Additionally, Kiaer frequently references Frederick Kiesler's concept of the Endless House in his practice. In the research, a literature review and interpretive methods of qualitative research were employed, drawing on sources from the websites ofgalleries representing Kiaer, interviews with the artist, and writings from international biennials and exhibitions.Öğe On Milne Type Inequalities For h-Convex Functions Via Conformable Fractional Integral Operators(Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mathematics, 2025) Benaissa, Bouharket; Sarikaya, Mehmet ZekiIn this study, Milne-type inequalities for h-convex functions involving conformable operators are established. In addition, new results are presented that generalize various inequalities known in the literature.Öğe Automated Classification of Skin Diseases Using Microscopic Images: A Machine Learning Approach(Wiley, 2025) Karapinar Senturk, Zehra; Guler, Recep; Ozcan, Yunus; Gamsizkan, MehmetThis study presents a machine learning-based approach for the automated classification of skin diseases, specifically targeting morphea and lichen sclerosus, using microscopic images. The proposed method involves a systematic workflow, including image preprocessing techniques such as resizing, Reinhard normalization, Gaussian filtering, and CLAHE histogram equalization to enhance image quality. Feature extraction was performed using Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and histogram-based statistical methods, capturing texture and intensity characteristics of skin tissues. Several classification models, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), and Logistic Regression (LR), were evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, with hyperparameter optimization via grid search. The experimental results revealed that the combined feature set (GLCM + Histogram) achieved the highest performance, with the RF and K-NN models yielding a 100% in all performance metrics, including accuracy, sensitivity, recall, and F1-score. The study introduces a novel approach by examining these two diseases simultaneously, offering a reliable tool to support dermatologists with accurate and quick diagnoses. Future work will focus on expanding the dataset, exploring advanced deep learning techniques, and integrating clinical metadata to enhance model generalizability.Öğe Feeding Ecology of the Critically Endangered Gobio insuyanus (Gobionidae)(Wiley, 2025) Johnson, Julian E.; Yogurtcuoglu, Baran; Kirankaya, Serife Gulsun; Ekmekci, Fitnat GulerDespite the critical conservation status of the endemic gudgeon Gobio insuyanus, its feeding ecology remained unstudied. This research addresses this gap by investigating the diet of G. insuyanus in the Insuyu spring-stream system of Central Anatolia (Turkey) analyzing spatial, temporal, and intraspecific variations. We compared two distinct habitats: a stable spring and its continuum, a fluctuating stream. Results indicate that G. insuyanus is an omnivore, consuming primarily detritus, Gammarids, and Diptera larvae. Feeding intensity was higher in the spring habitat, particularly in summer, possibly related to its stable temperature and lower turbidity. Dietary diversity was higher in the stream, potentially reflecting its greater habitat complexity, but decreased in both habitats in autumn, suggesting a seasonal decline in prey availability. A significant ontogenetic shift in diet was observed; mature individuals exhibited a narrower niche and preferred larger prey, probably due to increased gape size, improved foraging ability, and higher energy requirements. No significant dietary differences were found between the sexes. The results have conservation implications, emphasizing the need to maintain the integrity of both habitats. Future research incorporating fish movement data with feeding ecology will further improve our understanding and inform more targeted conservation strategies.Öğe Long-term exposure of sucralose induces neuroinflammation and ferroptosis in human microglia cells via SIRT1/NLRP3/IL-1β/GPx4 signaling pathways(Wiley, 2024) Hacioglu, CeyhanMicroglia serve as the primary defense mechanism in the brain. Artificial sweeteners are widely used as dietary supplements, though their long-term effects remain uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effects of sucralose on microglia during prolonged exposure via the neuroinflammatory and ferroptosis pathways. Initially, human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) cells were exposed to sucralose (0-50 mM) for 24, 48, and 72 h to investigate the short-term effects. Subsequently, HMC3 cells were treated with 1 mM sucralose for 7, 14, and 21 days to examine long-term effects. We measured levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPx4), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), ferrous iron (Fe2+), and caspase 3/7. Additionally, we analyzed the impact of sucralose on cell morphology, migration, and expression levels of IL-1 beta, NLRP3, SIRT1, and GPx4. Sucralose inhibited cell viability and proliferation in HMC3 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and induced membrane and nuclear abnormalities. Moreover, sucralose significantly reduced the cell migration rate. Long-term sucralose treatment decreased Fe2+, GPx4, GSH, and SIRT1 levels in HMC3 cells while increasing IL-1 beta, MDA, NLRP3, 8-OHdG, and caspase 3/7 activity. Sucralose treatment also enhanced microglial activation and neuroinflammation by upregulating IL-1 beta and NLRP3 and downregulating SIRT1 and GPx4, thereby inducing ferroptosis and suppressing cell viability. Consequently, high concentrations or long-term sucralose treatment may induce neuroinflammation and ferroptosis by targeting the SIRT1/NLRP3/IL-1 beta/GPx4 pathway in HMC3 cells.Öğe Artificial Neural Networks-Based LEACH Algorithm for Fast and Efficient Cluster Head Selection in Wireless Sensor Networks(Wiley, 2025) Senturk, ArafatRecent improvements in wireless sensor networks (WSN) technology enabled more research on energy efficiency. Limited battery and difficulties in renewing the batteries in a critical application require the efficient use of energy for WSN. Besides energy efficiency, providing fast-response systems facilitate real-time applications. Combining machine learning (ML) with the clustering methods that significantly contribute to the energy efficiency of WSN seems to improve the efficiency. In this paper, the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) clustering method for WSN is implemented through a supervised learning method, artificial neural networks (ANN), for cluster head (CH) selection. The power of ANN as a superior classifier is thought to contribute much to the field. The details of designing an ANN are given in detail for the first time in WSN field. In addition, a dataset is prepared via MATLAB to be used for classification or other analysis related to a clustered network. The proposed model provides more than 85% accuracy for CH selection, and it is 83.28% faster than LEACH to determine the CHs. This method produces more efficient solutions in large networks in terms of the time for CH selection. The feasibility of ANN is also shown for the issues related to WSN such as CH selection.
