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Long-term exposure of sucralose induces neuroinflammation and ferroptosis in human microglia cells via SIRT1/NLRP3/IL-1β/GPx4 signaling pathways
(Wiley, 2024) Hacioglu, Ceyhan
Microglia serve as the primary defense mechanism in the brain. Artificial sweeteners are widely used as dietary supplements, though their long-term effects remain uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effects of sucralose on microglia during prolonged exposure via the neuroinflammatory and ferroptosis pathways. Initially, human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) cells were exposed to sucralose (0-50 mM) for 24, 48, and 72 h to investigate the short-term effects. Subsequently, HMC3 cells were treated with 1 mM sucralose for 7, 14, and 21 days to examine long-term effects. We measured levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPx4), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), ferrous iron (Fe2+), and caspase 3/7. Additionally, we analyzed the impact of sucralose on cell morphology, migration, and expression levels of IL-1 beta, NLRP3, SIRT1, and GPx4. Sucralose inhibited cell viability and proliferation in HMC3 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and induced membrane and nuclear abnormalities. Moreover, sucralose significantly reduced the cell migration rate. Long-term sucralose treatment decreased Fe2+, GPx4, GSH, and SIRT1 levels in HMC3 cells while increasing IL-1 beta, MDA, NLRP3, 8-OHdG, and caspase 3/7 activity. Sucralose treatment also enhanced microglial activation and neuroinflammation by upregulating IL-1 beta and NLRP3 and downregulating SIRT1 and GPx4, thereby inducing ferroptosis and suppressing cell viability. Consequently, high concentrations or long-term sucralose treatment may induce neuroinflammation and ferroptosis by targeting the SIRT1/NLRP3/IL-1 beta/GPx4 pathway in HMC3 cells.
Feeding Ecology of the Critically Endangered Gobio insuyanus (Gobionidae)
(Wiley, 2025) Johnson, Julian E.; Yogurtcuoglu, Baran; Kirankaya, Serife Gulsun; Ekmekci, Fitnat Guler
Despite the critical conservation status of the endemic gudgeon Gobio insuyanus, its feeding ecology remained unstudied. This research addresses this gap by investigating the diet of G. insuyanus in the Insuyu spring-stream system of Central Anatolia (Turkey) analyzing spatial, temporal, and intraspecific variations. We compared two distinct habitats: a stable spring and its continuum, a fluctuating stream. Results indicate that G. insuyanus is an omnivore, consuming primarily detritus, Gammarids, and Diptera larvae. Feeding intensity was higher in the spring habitat, particularly in summer, possibly related to its stable temperature and lower turbidity. Dietary diversity was higher in the stream, potentially reflecting its greater habitat complexity, but decreased in both habitats in autumn, suggesting a seasonal decline in prey availability. A significant ontogenetic shift in diet was observed; mature individuals exhibited a narrower niche and preferred larger prey, probably due to increased gape size, improved foraging ability, and higher energy requirements. No significant dietary differences were found between the sexes. The results have conservation implications, emphasizing the need to maintain the integrity of both habitats. Future research incorporating fish movement data with feeding ecology will further improve our understanding and inform more targeted conservation strategies.
Radiofrequency Induced Time-Dependent Alterations in Gene Expression and Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Cell Line
(Wiley, 2025) Tuysuz, Mehmet Zahid; Kayhan, Handan; Saglam, Atiye Seda Yar; Senturk, Fatih; Bagriacik, Emin Umit; Yagci, Munci; Canseven, Ayse Gulnihal
The widespread use of wireless communication technologies has increased human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs). Considering the brain's close proximity to mobile phones and its entirely electrical transmission network, it emerges as the organ most profoundly impacted by the RF field. This study aims to investigate the potential effects of RF radiation on cell viability, apoptosis, and gene expressions in glioblastoma cells (U118-MG) at different exposure times (1, 24, and 48 h). To achieve this, we designed and implemented an in vitro RF exposure system operating at a frequency of 2.1 GHz, specifically for cell culture studies, with an average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.12 +/- 0.18 W/kg determined through numerical dosimetry calculations. Results reveal a significant influence of a 48 h exposure to a 2.1 GHz RF field on U118-MG cell viability, gene expression, and the induction of caspase (CASP) dependent apoptosis. Notably, increased CASP3, CASP8, and CASP9 mRNA levels were observed after 24 and 48 h of RF treatment. However, only the 48 h RF exposure resulted in apoptotic cell death and a significant elevation in the BAX/BCL-2 ratio. This observed effect may be influenced by extended exposure durations surpassing the cell's doubling time. The increased BAX/BCL-2 ratio, which acts as a key switch for apoptosis, and the heterogeneous morphology of the astrocyte-derived U118-MG cell line may also play a role in this effect.
In Vitro Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Phenoxyethanol in Human Lymphocytes: A Commonly Used Preservative in Cosmetics
(Wiley, 2025) Kara, Ikbal Hesna; Yildiz, Esra; Meredova, Guncha; Aksoy, Hueseyin
Phenoxyethanol is widely used as a preservative in many cosmetic products and is considered to be safe. although there are some toxicity studies on phenoxyethanol, no detailed research evaluating its genotoxicity in human lymphocytes is available in the literature. This study aims to assess phenoxyethanol ' s cytotoxic and genotoxic profiles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. For evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of phenoxyethanol, chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests were applied In both tests, lymphocyte cultures were treated with three concentrations (50, 25, 12.5 mu g/mL) of phenoxyethanol and control groups (solvent, positive and negative controls). When examining the results of the chromosomal aberration test (CA) and the micronucleus test (MN), no significant differences were observed between the solvent control group and the application concentrations in either test. For the evaluation of cytotoxicity, mitotic index results showed a significant decrease at higher doses (50 and 25 mu g/mL) compared to the solvent control. In conclusion, phenoxyethanol did not exhibit genotoxic effects (clastogenic and aneugenic) on human peripheral lymphocyte cells at the applied doses, although it did show a slight cytotoxic effect.
Bioactivity of Encapsulated Lemon Peel Phenolics as Affected by Maltodextrin and Foam Mat Drying
(Wiley, 2025) Durmus, Nihal; Kilic-Akyilmaz, Meral
Lemon peel constitutes a cheap potential resource for bioactive phenolics with antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic activities. However, phenolic compounds are sensitive to environmental conditions and lose their activity during processing and storage without protection. In this study, a phenolic extract obtained from lemon peel was encapsulated to protect its bioactivity. For this purpose, two maltodextrins with 6- and 19-dextrose equivalent (6DE, 19DE) and whey protein concentrate were used along with foam mat drying (FMD) and foam mat freeze-drying (FMFD). The effects of maltodextrins and drying method were evaluated by determination of encapsulation efficiency, physicochemical properties, in vitro antihypertensive, and antidiabetic activities of the encapsulated extracts. In addition, encapsulated extracts were stored under adverse conditions to determine storage stability. All the encapsulated extracts were found to be in a glassy state. Maltodextrin with 6DE was the best wall material protecting the phenolic content. FMD with maltodextrin 6DE provided the highest encapsulation efficiency (97.6%) and hesperidin content (45 mg/100 g dm). On the other hand, FMFD with maltodextrin 6DE resulted in the highest glass transition temperature (97.1 degrees C), total phenolic content (6.63 mg GAE/g), and antioxidant activity (17.6 mg TE/g). ACE inhibitory activities of the encapsulated extracts were above 75% but reduced to less than 50% after storage regardless of maltodextrin DE and the drying method. FMFD with maltodextrin 19DE yielded 71% alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, which was higher than those of the other samples. alpha-amylase inhibition increased up to 83% after storage with no significant effect of maltodextrin DE and drying method. Results showed that the wall materials used in encapsulation also have an influence on the bioactivities besides the lemon peel extract. Both FMD and FMFD along with maltodextrin 6DE can be used for encapsulation. However, FMD can be preferred as a practical method with low equipment and energy costs and short processing time.
Recovery, Bioactivity, and Utilization of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Citrus Peel
(Wiley, 2024) Durmus, Nihal; Gulsunoglu-Konuskan, Zehra; Kilic-Akyilmaz, Meral
Citrus peels are rich in bioactive phenolic compounds with various health effects including antioxidant, antiobesity, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, antihypercholesterolemic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticarcinogenic activities. Both extractable and nonextractable phenolics are present in significant amounts in Citrus peel with diverse bioactivities. While extractable phenolics can be recovered from the fruit peels by conventional extraction methods, nonextractable phenolics remaining in the residues must be released from the cell matrix first by hydrolysis with acid, alkali, or enzymes. Novel processing technologies can help in improvement of extraction efficiency. Extreme process or medium conditions degrade phenolics and their bioactivity where encapsulation can be applied to improve their stability, solubility, and bioactivity. Citrus peel powder including ascorbic acid and dietary fiber besides phenolics or extracts therefrom can be used as functional food ingredients to extend shelf life and provide health benefits. In addition, phenolic extracts can be used as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in active food packaging applications. Phenolic extracts have also a potential to be used as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. In this review, phenolic compounds in different forms in Citrus peels, their recovery, bioactivity and possible applications for upcycling in the industry are presented.
Assisting the Diagnosis of Cirrhosis in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Based on Machine Learning Algorithms: A Novel Non-Invasive Approach
(Wiley, 2025) Dirican, Emre; Bal, Tayibe; Onlen, Yusuf; Sarigul, Figen; User, Ulku; Sari, Nagehan Didem; Kurtaran, Behice
Aim: This study aimed to determine the important features and cut-off values after demonstrating the detectability of cirrhosis using routine laboratory test results of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients in machine learning (ML) algorithms. Methods: This retrospective multicenter (37 referral centers) study included the data obtained from the Hepatitis C Turkey registry of 1164 patients with biopsy-proven CHC. Three different ML algorithms were used to classify the presence/absence of cirrhosis with the determined features. Results: The highest performance in the prediction of cirrhosis (Accuracy = 0.89, AUC = 0.87) was obtained from the Random Forest (RF) method. The five most important features that contributed to the classification were platelet, alpha lpha-feto protein (AFP), age, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and prothrombin time (PT). The cut-off values of these features were obtained as platelet < 182.000/mm3, AFP > 5.49 ng/mL, age > 52 years, GGT > 39.9 U/L, and PT > 12.35 s. Using cut-off values, the risk coefficients were AOR = 4.82 for platelet, AOR = 3.49 for AFP, AOR = 4.32 for age, AOR = 3.04 for GGT, and AOR = 2.20 for PT. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the RF-based ML algorithm could classify cirrhosis with high accuracy. Thus, crucial features and cut-off values for physicians in the detection of cirrhosis were determined. In addition, although AFP is not included in non-invasive indexes, it had a remarkable contribution in predicting cirrhosis. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03145844
Green Chemistry and Microbial Defense: Evaluating Glycyrrhiza glabra Leaf Extracts, SEM Catalysts, and Antibacterial Agents
(Wiley, 2025) Ibrahim, Sobhay M.; Imanberdieva, Nazgul; Kekecoglu, Meral; Usta, Mehtap; Rakhimov, Bakhtiyor; Khudayberdiyev, Giyosiddin; Erkin, Shukurova Mohigul
The green catalytic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles from medicinal plants offers a sustainable and eco-friendly approach toward nanoparticle production. This study also explored the antimicrobial potential of nanoparticles, representing promising implications for their application in combating microbial pathogens. We describe the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) utilizing leaf extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra. The green chemically synthesized Ag NPs are thoroughly characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and EDXA nano techniques. The peak absorbance of XRD represent maximum lambda = 517 nm, demonstrate the presence of agglomerated particles in the Ag NPs attributed to surface plasmon resonance. The XRD pattern of Ag NPs revealed distinct peaks at specific angles, indicating the lattice spacing within the crystalline structure. FTIR spectra corroborated the existence of phenols, amines, alcohols, and flavonoids within the leaf extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra. SEM analysis depicted spherical Ag NPs with sizes ranging from 30 to 41 nm, and moderate particle agglomeration was observed. The EDAX spectra of the synthesized green Ag NPs reveal prominent peaks aligning with Ag at 3.0 eV. The antibacterial activity performed on E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis demonstrated significant zones of inhibition (ZOI) measuring 13.3, 15.8, 11.5, and 12.2 mm, respectively. The findings reflect potential of Ag NPs as a viable treatment option for infectious diseases caused by the tested pathogens. Thus, the utilization of G. glabra for the synthesis of Ag NPs presents a novel avenue in antimicrobial therapy. This approach holds significant to address the microbial infections and signify the potential of natural resources in combating healthcare challenges.
Protective Mechanisms of EGCG in Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Liver Toxicity From Cigarette Smoke-Induced Damage
(Wiley, 2025) Agan, Kagan; Demir, Serif; Ozmerdivenli, Recep; Agan, Aydan Fulden; Akin, Ali Tugrul; Alpay, Merve; Beyazcicek, Ozge
Exposure to cigarette smoke leads to an increase in oxidative stress within the body, resulting in both an elevated oxidant burden and a compromised antioxidant defense system. This imbalance creates a significant risk factor for various diseases by promoting cellular damage, inflammation, and toxicity. The oxidants present in cigarette smoke are considered the primary contributors to these pathological conditions. Supporting the antioxidant system with specific bioactive compounds may help mitigate the toxic effects caused by cigarette smoke. In this study, the effects of EGCG pre-administration on the antioxidant system were evaluated under both acute and chronic exposure conditions to cigarette smoke. Different doses of EGCG were administered to determine its potential role in oxidative stress regulation, and histopathological examinations and antioxidant enzyme levels were assessed. The findings demonstrated that while acute EGCG administration did not significantly improve antioxidant enzyme activity, chronic administration of EGCG at a dose of 50 mg/kg effectively increased antioxidant enzyme production, reduced oxidative stress, and liver injury. In the presence of cigarette smoke, EGCG contributed to the stabilization of oxidative stress markers. However, chronic EGCG administration in the absence of oxidative stressors requires further investigation to assess its impact on other organs. EGCG appears to be a promising candidate for alleviating the adverse effects of external oxidant exposure and mitigating oxidative stress. However, its long-term application and potential side effects in different physiological conditions should be explored further examinations. Although acute EGCG application did not enhance antioxidant enzyme levels, it unexpectedly elevated oxidative stress, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive studies to clarify its mechanisms and optimize its usage. We further identify the principal underlying mechanisms involved in this process.
Analyzing the performance of ChatGPT in answering inquiries about cervical cancer
(Wiley, 2025) Yurtcu, Engin; Ozvural, Seyfettin; Keyif, Betul
Objective: To analyze the knowledge of ChatGPT about cervical cancer (CC). Methods: Official websites of professional health institutes, and websites created by patients and charities underwent strict screening. Using CC-related keywords, common inquiries by the public and comments about CC were searched in social media applications with these data, a list of frequently asked questions (FAQs) was prepared. When preparing question about CC, the European Society of Gynecological Oncology (ESGO), European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO), and European Society of Pathology (ESP) guidelines were used. The answers given by ChatGPT were scored according to the Global Quality Score (GQS). Results: When all ChatGPT answers to FAQs about CC were evaluated with regard to GQS, 68 ChatGPT answers were classified as score 5, and none of ChatGPT answers for FAQs were scored as 2 or 1. Moreover, ChatGPT answered 33 of 53 (62.3%) CC-related questions based on ESGO, ESTRO, and ESP guidelines with completely accurate and satisfactory responses (GQS 5). In addition, eight answers (15.1%), seven answers (13.2%), four answers (7.5%), and one answer (1.9%) were categorized as GQS 4, GQS 3, GQS 2, and GQS 1, respectively. The reproducibility rate of ChatGPT answers about CC-related FAQs and responses about those guideline-based questions was 93.2% and 88.7%, respectively. Conclusion: ChatGPT had an accurate and satisfactory response rate for FAQs about CC with regards to GQS. However, the accuracy and quality of ChatGPT answers significantly decreased for questions based on guidelines.
Primary repair versus reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: Functional outcomes and postural stability compared with healthy controls
(Wiley, 2025) Ciceklidag, Murat; Ayas, Inci Hazal; Oklaz, Ethem Burak; Aral, Furkan; Tosun, Muhammed Furkan; Kanatli, Ulunay
Purpose To compare functional outcomes and postural stability in patients undergoing primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair or hamstring tendon reconstruction, using healthy individuals as a reference. We hypothesized that primary ACL repair would result in superior subjective knee function and postural stability.Methods This comparative case-control study assessed pain, function, single-leg hop performance and postural stability were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Lysholm Knee Score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Score and Biodex Biosway indices (OSI: overall stability index, API: anteroposterior index, MLI: mediolateral index) in bipedal and single-leg stance. Statistical analyses included one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis tests for group comparisons, with paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for within-group comparisons, depending on data distribution.Results A total of 113 participants were analyzed: primary repair (primary repair group [PRG], n = 40), reconstruction (reconstruction group [RG], n = 38), and control (control group [CG], n = 35) groups. Mean follow-up was 43.2 +/- 10.1 months in PRG and 43.9 +/- 11.7 months in RG. VAS scores were 1.37 +/- 1.56 in PRG and 1.89 +/- 1.62 in RG (mean difference [MD] = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.19 to 1.23, p = 0.15). Lysholm scores were 92.6 +/- 6.95 in PRG and 89.5 +/- 9.09 in RG (MD = -3.02, 95% CI: -6.66 to 0.61, p = 0.10). IKDC scores were significantly higher in PRG (88.2 +/- 9.01) than RG (82.6 +/- 12.1) (MD = 5.63, 95% CI: 0.84 to 10.42, p = 0.02). On the operated side, MLI was lower in PRG (0.2 +/- 0.3) than RG (0.3 +/- 0.2) (MD = -0.05, 95% CI: 0.008 to 0.11, p = 0.02), indicating better mediolateral stability. Single-leg hop distance was shorter in RG (1.40 +/- 0.28 m) and PRG (1.43 +/- 0.27 m) compared with CG (1.62 +/- 0.18 m) (CG vs. RG: MD = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.36; CG vs. PRG: MD = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.33; p = 0.001), despite LSI values exceeding 90% (RG: 93.1 +/- 8.5%; PRG: 95.1 +/- 6.3%).Conclusions Primary anterior cruciate ligament repair provides comparable functional and postural outcomes to reconstruction and may offer superior subjective knee function and mediolateral balance in selected patients.Level of Evidence Level III.
Excess Fructose Intake Activates Hyperinsulinemia and Mitogenic MAPK Pathways in Association With Cellular Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in the Pancreas of Rats
(Wiley, 2025) Guney, Ceren; Alcigir, Mehmet Eray; Akar, Fatma
The increase in sugar consumption has been associated with current metabolic disease epidemics. This study aimed to investigate the pancreatic molecular mechanisms involved in cellular stress, inflammation, mitogenesis, and apoptosis in metabolic disease induced by high-fructose diet. Here, we used biochemical, histopathological, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry methods to determine the metabolic and pancreatic alterations in male Wistar rats fed 20% fructose in drinking water for 15 weeks. High-fructose consumption in rats increased the immunopositivity and protein expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and insulin in the pancreatic tissue, in association with abdominal adiposity, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. The expressions of cellular stress markers, glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), were increased in the pancreas. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and IL-1 beta and components of the Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were elevated. Excess fructose intake stimulated the activation of mitogenic extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1 as well as the apoptotic p53 and Fas pathways in the pancreas of rats. There was also an increase in caspase-8 and caspase-3 cleavage. Our findings revealed that dietary high-fructose in the pancreas causes hyperinsulinemia due to the upregulation of GLUT2 together with cellular stress and inflammatory markers, thereby stimulates mitogenic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and apoptosis pathways, resulting in a complex pathological situation.
Exploring Moral Distress, Related Factors and Coping in Emergency Nurses: A Mixed Method Study
(Wiley, 2025) Kiziltepe, Selin Keskin; Koc, Zeliha
AimTo determine emergency nurses with moral distress level, related factors and coping.DesignThis is a mixed-methods study which included quantitative and qualitative approaches.MethodsIn quantitative phase, surveys were completed to 252 emergency nurses, while in the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 nurses. Descriptive analysis was used for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data.ResultsThe related factors of moral distress in nurses were as follows; educational status, work experience, satisfaction, and employment status. EN usually uses positive reinterpretation and development to cope with problems and tried to solve moral distress by getting own individual solutions and getting support from colleagues, friends and families due to lack of support from managers. In order to improve healthy working environment and conditions, it is important to create plans and strategies for EDs. It is recommended to develop practical and structural strategies and interventions that effective coping with moral distress by hospital managers.Patient or Public ContributionIt will increase the quality of care provided by nurses and patient satisfaction.
A detailed 3D volumetric magnetic resonance arthrographic analysis in a spiral ligament and anteroinferior capsuloligamentous complex of the shoulder joint
(Springer, 2025) Yahsi, Yusuf; Ogul, Hayri; Ertogrul, Rodi; Sakci, Zakir; Guclu, Derya; Ozdemir, Mustafa
ObjectivesThis study aimed to delineate the anatomical characteristics of the spiral glenohumeral ligament (SpiGHL), middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL), and anterior band of inferior glenohumeral ligament (AB-IGHL), as well as their potential interrelationships, using MR arthrographic images from a large patient population.MethodsAll patients underwent 3D volumetric magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography sequences in addition to conventional MR imaging. All MR arthrography images were retrospectively assessed by two radiologists with expertise in arthrography. The origins and insertions of SpiGHL, MGHL, and AB-IGHL, along with any variations and interrelationships, were carefully examined and documented. These findings were statistically analyzed according to the patient's age, gender, and laterality of the shoulder (right or left).ResultsThe study included 190 shoulder MR arthrographies, identifying SpiGHL in 15 patients (7.9%). Among the 190 patients, 20 (10.5%) had an AB-IGHL with a high insertion on the anterior glenoid margin. In 10 of 15 patients with SpiGHL (66.6%), a conjugation of SpiGHL and MGHL was observed. MGHL hypoplasia was observed in 11 MR arthrographies. Of the 11 patients, 5 (45.5%) also presented with SpiGHL. The incidence of SpiGHL was significantly higher in the group with hypoplastic MGHL. Additionally, the average age of patients with a high-origin AB-IGHL was significantly lower than that of patients without this feature.ConclusionsKnowing the anterior capsuloligamentous detailed anatomy of the shoulder joint and its possible variations is important in correctly interpreting the pathologies of this region. The spiral GHL and its possible relationship with other ligaments can be defined in detail on MR arthrography.
Adenoid hypertrophy detection inventory in children for primary care physicians and pediatricians
(Springer, 2025) Kurt, Fatih; Belada, Abdullah; Oz, Busra; Cangur, Sengul; Kaya, Abdulkadir
Objective Adenoid tissue consists of clusters of lymphoid tissue within the nasopharynx and can cause symptoms due to obstruction when hypertrophied. The gold standard for diagnosis is endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy, but it is not always readily available. This study aims to develop an inventory that primary care physicians and pediatricians can use to predict the degree of adenoid hypertrophy clinically, facilitating the planning of patient follow-up and treatment. Study designA diagnostic test study. Settingstertiary referral hospital. Methods The study involved 123 cases, with 82 in the patient group and 41 in the control group. Evaluation encompassed demographic characteristics, history, and physical examination findings. Additionally, a child psychiatrist assessed cases neurocognitively, behaviorally, and psychologically. Finally, cases underwent endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy by an ENT specialist, recording adenoid sizes and choanae narrowing. Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) analysis determined the most suitable model for the clinical inventory. Results Snoring, restless sleep, noisy breathing, recurrent throat infections, and recurrent rhinosinusitis constitute the items of the clinical inventory. The average score of relevant items categorized patients into absent and mild, moderate, and severe groups. The area under the ROC curve for average scores of the inventory was 0.67, significantly surpassing the probability of random assignment (0.17). The inventory's accuracy rate was 70%. Conclusion This user-friendly and highly accurate inventory aids in predicting obstruction degree in patients. Primary care physicians and pediatricians can effectively manage follow-up and treatment, referring cases requiring surgery to an ENT specialist based on the inventory results.
Unveiling Genetic Diversity Among Bacterial Isolates Using SCoT Markers
(Springer, 2024) Tekin, Fatih; Altin, Irem; Aydin, Furkan; Alkan, Mehtap; Orel, Didem Canik; Ardic, Mustafa; Gasic, Katarina
This study aimed to unveil the genetic diversity among 47 bacterial isolates from various species using start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Six SCoT primers yielded 219 reproducible bands, with 89.04% exhibiting polymorphism. The amplification process generated 28 to 50 fragments per primer, with an average of 36.50. Genetic diversity was quantified using polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranging from 0.11 to 0.14, with SCoT32 showing the highest PIC (0.14) and SCoT23 the lowest (0.11). The resolving power (RP) index, used to assess primer discriminatory power, varied significantly, with SCoT23 demonstrating the highest RP (6.00) and SCoT29 the lowest (4.51). Comparative analysis with conventional markers like M13 and (GTG)5 revealed that certain SCoT primers exhibited superior PIC values, which indicates enhanced utility for interspecies differentiation. The high discrimination level achieved by SCoT primers underscores their effectiveness in genetic differentiation and biodiversity assessment within bacterial populations. This research highlights SCoT markers as powerful tools for microbial genetic studies, which offers valuable insights into bacterial diversity and provides a robust methodological framework for future investigations aimed at elucidating genetic variation and improving species identification. The application of SCoT markers represents a significant advancement in molecular techniques for bacterial characterization and phylogenetic analysis, demonstrating their potential to enhance our understanding of microbial genetics and evolution.
Prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and evaluation of pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective study
(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Eminov, Elmin; Eminov, Ayse
IntroductionAccording to the World Health Organization, adolescent pregnancy is defined as pregnancies of women aged 19 and below. The study aims to analyze the rates of adolescent pregnancies and maternal and fetal outcomes among births within the hospital and compare them with adult pregnancies.MethodsThe study is conducted retrospectively in one of Turkey's socio-economically underdeveloped provinces. The study comprises 16,985 women: 1719 adolescents and 15,266 adults who gave birth in the hospital between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2023. All data were recorded in the SPSS 28.0 program, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Chi-Square test, ANOVA, and Independent Simple T-test were applied to analyze the data.ResultsIn the study, the adolescent pregnancy rate is found to be 10,1%. The mean maternal age (p = 0.000), gravida (p = 0.000), parity (p = 0.000), and number of abortions (p = 0.002) are significantly higher in the adult group. No difference is found between the groups in terms of gestational age (p = 0.067). Newborn birth weight was significantly higher in the adult group (p = 0.000). Cesarean section rates are higher in the adult group (p = 0.001). No difference is found in terms of stillbirth rates. No difference is found between the groups in terms of pre-eclampsia (p = 0.792). No difference is found between the groups in terms of preterm birth (p = 0.664).ConclusionIn conclusion, it came out that, according to the results of the study, the rates of premature birth, pre-eclampsia, and stillbirth in adolescents and the first and fifth-minute Apgar scores are similar to adults. However, newborn birth weights are lower in the babies of adolescent pregnant women. In addition, cesarean section rates are higher in the adult group.
Effects of Drone Brood Homogenate on Wound Healing: An Experimental Study on Rats
(Wiley, 2025) Arican, Mehmet; Kekecoglu, Meral; Turhan, Yalcin; Caprazli, Tugce; Gamsizkan, Mehmet; Karaduman, Zekeriya Okan
Background Wound healing is one of the most interesting topics in orthopaedic surgery, and there are many studies on the factors and mechanisms affecting this process. Objectives To evaluated the macroscopic and histopathological results of drone larvae homogenate (DLH) on wound healing in a full-thickness wound model. Methods Thirty male wistar rats (6-8 weeks, 250 +/- 50 g) were used. A uniform circular full-thickness wound of approximately 18.44 +/- 1.45 (control), 19.02 +/- 1.24 (silverdin), 19.37 +/- 1.28 (DLH) mm2 was excised on the back of each rat. They were divided into control (n: 10), silverdin (n: 10) and DLH (n: 10) groups. DLH, collected from the beehive for 3-7 days in late spring and ready for use after homogenization and lyophilization. Two mL of physiological saline, silver sulfadiazine 1% and DLH were applied to the control, silverdin and DLH groups, respectively, and a thin layer that completely covered the wound, and repeated every 2 days for all groups for 14 days. The condition of the lesions was observed every 2 days and the amount of contraction and granulation tissue formed in the lesion was recorded. The lesioned areas was examined histopathologically. Results There was no statistically significant difference in lymphocyte, fibroblast, scar thickness, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL), minivascular density (CD34) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) among the control, silverdin and DLH groups (p = 0.771, 0.434, 0.07, 0.396). The scar density of the DLH group was found to be higher than the control and silverdin groups (p = 0.003). The average wound diameter of the control group (6.87 +/- 0.93 mm2) on the 10th day was found to be higher than the silverdin (4.39 +/- 1.15 mm2) and DLH groups (4.16 +/- 0.55 mm2) (p = 0.0001). Conclusions DLH has a positive effect on wound healing, especially by ensuring early wound contraction and wound scar formation.
Green and simple microextraction method based on deep eutectic solvent-assisted smartphone digital imaging colorimetry (SDIC) for Rhodamine B analysis in food products
(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Tezcan, Buse; Dalmaz, Aslihan; Ozak, Sezen Sivrikaya
This study employed a deep eutectic solvent-based liquid-liquid microextraction method and smartphone digital image colorimetry to detect and quantify Rhodamine B in foods. The deep eutectic solvent, a green solvent, was prepared by mixing tetrabutylammonium bromide and octanol in a 1:2 ratio. It was observed that Rhodamine B dyestuff readily transitioned to the DES phase, eliminating the need for additional reagents. The impact of various parameters, including DES type, molar ratio, volume, solution pH, ultrasonic time, centrifugation time, and sample volume, on extraction efficiency was examined, and the most effective conditions were determined. Additionally, the diameter of the prepared colorimetric box and the distance between the detector and the sample were investigated, leading to the identification of optimal conditions. The developed method's limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.0054 mu g/mL and 0.018 mu g/mL, respectively, for the measurements taken using seven parallel blank solutions at 554 nm. The relative standard deviations intraday and interday were 1.29% and 2.03%, respectively. The calibration graph demonstrated good linearity, with a coefficient of determination of 0.9996. The developed method's intraday and interday relative standard deviation values were 2.03% and 1.29%, respectively. Rhodamine B was detected in food samples using the developed method, obtaining extraction recoveries ranging from 95.16 to 103.88%.
Assessing the performance of large language models (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) and accurate clinical information for pediatric nephrology
(Springer, 2025) Sav, Nadide Melike
Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in healthcare, offering significant advancements in providing accurate clinical information. However, the performance and applicability of AI models in specialized fields such as pediatric nephrology remain underexplored. This study is aimed at evaluating the ability of two AI-based language models, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, to provide accurate and reliable clinical information in pediatric nephrology. The models were evaluated on four criteria: accuracy, scope, patient friendliness, and clinical applicability. Methods Forty pediatric nephrology specialists with >= 5 years of experience rated GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 responses to 10 clinical questions using a 1-5 scale via Google Forms. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Results Both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 demonstrated comparable performance across all criteria, with no statistically significant differences observed (p > 0.05). GPT-4 exhibited slightly higher mean scores in all parameters, but the differences were negligible (Cohen's d < 0.1 for all criteria). Reliability analysis revealed low internal consistency for both models (Cronbach's alpha ranged between 0.019 and 0.162). Correlation analysis indicated no significant relationship between participants' years of professional experience and their evaluations of GPT-3.5 (correlation coefficients ranged from - 0.026 to 0.074). Conclusions While GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 provided a foundational level of clinical information support, neither model exhibited superior performance in addressing the unique challenges of pediatric nephrology. The findings highlight the need for domain-specific training and integration of updated clinical guidelines to enhance the applicability and reliability of AI models in specialized fields. This study underscores the potential of AI in pediatric nephrology while emphasizing the importance of human oversight and the need for further refinements in AI applications.

Güncel Gönderiler