Response of three cyprinid fish species to the Scavenger Deterrent Factor produced by the mutualistic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes

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dc.contributor.authorRaja, Ramalingam Karthik
dc.contributor.authorAiswarya, Dilipkumar
dc.contributor.authorGülcü, Barış
dc.contributor.authorRaja, Manickam
dc.contributor.authorPerumal, Pachiappan
dc.contributor.authorSivaramakrishnan, Sivaperumal
dc.contributor.authorHazır, Selçuk
dc.date.accessioned2020-04-30T23:31:40Z
dc.date.available2020-04-30T23:31:40Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.departmentDÜ, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümüen_US
dc.descriptionPachiappan, Perumal/0000-0002-6496-1607en_US
dc.descriptionWOS: 000395227900006en_US
dc.descriptionPubMed: 27908637en_US
dc.description.abstractThe symbiotic bacteria, Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus associated with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema, respectively, produce a compound(s) called the Scavenging Deterrent Factor (SDF). SDF deters a number of terrestrial insect scavengers and predators and one bird species from feeding on host insects killed by the nematode-bacterium complex but has not been tested against aquatic vertebrates. Moreover, the Heterorhabditis-Photorhabdus association is believed to have evolved in an aquatic environment. Accordingly, we hypothesized that SDF will deter fish from feeding on nematode-killed insects and tested the responses of three omnivorous fresh water fish species, Devario aequipinnatus, Alburnoides bipunctatus, and Squalius pursakensis, to SDF in the laboratory. When the fish were exposed to Galleria mellonella larvae killed by the Heterorhabditis- or Steinernema-bacterium complex at 2 or 4 days post-infection, all three fish species made several attempts to consume the cadavers but subsequently rejected them. However, all fish species consumed freeze killed control larvae. In a choice test, when D. aequipinnatus or A. bipunctatus were offered a pair of nematode-killed larvae, both fish species rejected these cadavers; when offered a nematode-killed larva and a freeze-killed larva, both fish species consumed the freeze-killed larva but not the nematode-killed one. In further tests with D. aequipinnatus, there was no significant difference in the number of 2-day-old Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki-killed (Btk) larvae consumed compared to freeze-killed larvae, but significantly fewer 4-day-old Btk-killed larvae were consumed compared to freeze-killed larvae. When D. aequipinnatus was fed G. mellonella larvae killed by the symbiotic bacteria, the fish rejected the cadavers. When given freeze-killed or nematode-killed mosquito (Aedes aegypti) larvae, the fish consumed significantly more of the former larvae (99%) compared to the latter (55%). When D. aequipinnatus was placed in a symbiotic cell-free supernatant for 18 h, a significant reduction in consumption of freeze killed larvae compared to cell-free Btk or control broth supernatant was observed. We showed that SDF protects the nematode-killed insects from being consumed by omnivorous fishes and suggests that they will have minimal effects on recycling of EPNs in the aquatic environment. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipGovernment of India [SERB-DST-SB/YS/LS-176/2013]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe senior author, R. Karthik Raja, is grateful to Government of India for providing financial support for this study (SERB-DST-SB/YS/LS-176/2013). We thank Drs. P. Indira Arulselvi and Reyaz Ahmad Lone, Periyar University, India for providing the Bacillus thuringiensis cultures, and Drs. David Shapiro-Ilan and Clive Bock, USDA, Byron, Georgia, USA for their review and comments on the draft manuscript.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jip.2016.11.013en_US
dc.identifier.endpage49en_US
dc.identifier.issn0022-2011
dc.identifier.issn1096-0805
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage40en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2016.11.013
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/4397
dc.identifier.volume143en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000395227900006en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAcademic Press Inc Elsevier Scienceen_US
dc.relation.ispartofJournal Of Invertebrate Pathologyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectPhotorhabdusen_US
dc.subjectXenorhabdusen_US
dc.subjectEntomopathogenic nematodesen_US
dc.subjectScavenger Deterrent Factoren_US
dc.subjectWarning signalen_US
dc.titleResponse of three cyprinid fish species to the Scavenger Deterrent Factor produced by the mutualistic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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