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Öğe 5S activities and its application at a sample company(Academic Journals, 2009) Korkut, Derya Sevim; Çakıcıer, Nevzat; Erdinler, E. Seda; Ulay, Göksel; Doğan, Ahmet MuhlisTotal Productive Maintenance (TPM) targets enabling the machine operators to undertake the maintenance activities and therefore to increase the efficiency of the equipments. It struggles with six great losses decreasing the efficiency of the equipment. 5S, which is the pre-step of TPM, is a systematic approach providing the contribution of all personnel in the cleaning regime of the company. The clean and steady environment targeted by 5S has positive impacts on the work safety, quality, efficiency and morale. In this study, 5S system, used for ensuring order and discipline in the companies and ensuring the supervision of both simple and even the smallest details, has been reviewed in full details and they have been taken under the content of the research through selecting the assembly department as pilot department for 5S activities applied at a yacht manufacturing company. It has been targeted to set this as a guide for the directors of the company and the researches working in this field by assessing the results of this study.Öğe An analysis of small and medium-sized forest products enterprises in Turkey based on production, capacity usage, machine park and technology(Academic Journals, 2010) Korkut, Derya Sevim; Erdem, Emel; Duru, M. NafizWith this work, it is aimed to put forward the present situation about "production, capacity usage, machine park and technology" and to define the problems of the actuations of the forest products industry which is included in the scope of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in Duzce (an important place in terms of actuating the forest products industry in Turkey). For this aim, face-to-face questionnaires were administered to 43 SMEs in the forest products industry in Duzce. Data obtained revealed the problems of the SMEs and it was found that the basis of their problems was insufficient finance.Öğe Application of ISO/TS 16949:2009 in Forest Products Industry(Kastamonu Univ, 2016) Solak, Ertan; Korkut, Derya SevimThe aim of the study is to present the short, medium and long term benefits of the activities in the basis of quality management development and in the context of ISO/TS 16949 Automotive Sub-Industry Quality Management System which determines the service standards of a forest products facility as an automotive sub-industry supplier, to be shown as an example to similar facilities. In this study which aims to present the facility's character an examination has been done via supplier, production and customer parameters and an example profile has been formed. A progress on the activities which are made in accordance with the project plan about improving production parameters such as in-process junk, customer satisfaction, customer return and staff circulation rate has been determined. The dynamics of forest production sector presents a critical factor about sufficiency of the suppliers. This parameter is followed by supplier's performance point and even if expected level is reached the activities about this subject continues according to project plan. Customer satisfaction rate is determined by annual performance points given by customers and the facility reaches the expected level according these parameter data.Öğe Application of preventive maintenance planning in a parquet enterprise(Academic Journals, 2009) Korkut, Derya Sevim; Bekar, İlter; Öztekin, ErtuğrulIn this study, the process of a parquet enterprise's transition to preventive maintenance which has been implementing maintenance technique in case of breakdown was investigated. During that transition process, follow up forms for maintenance-repair, breakdown and spare parts were prepared and the implementation processes were followed. At the end of the implementation, it was identified that breakdowns have declined, anxiety and turmoil brought about by breakdowns have been prevented, the life span of the machines soared, labour-borne accidents declined and production quality increased.Öğe Çalışma Saatlerinin Çalışan Memnuniyeti Üzerine Etkisi(2019) Aydın, Caner; Korkut, Derya SevimBu çalışma ile çalışma saatlerinin çalışan memnuniyeti üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Anketyöntemi veri toplama yöntemi olarak kullanılmıştır. Anket formu Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde (Düzce, Bolu,Karabük, Kastamonu, Bartın, Zonguldak) mobilya endüstrisinde faaliyet gösteren işletme çalışanlarınauygulanmıştır. Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi işletme sayısı bakımından Türkiye’deki orman ürünleri sanayi sektörünübüyük oranda temsil ettiği için çalışma bu bölgede yapılmıştır. Anketlerden elde edilen veriler SPSS ortamınaaktarılarak, istatistiksel yöntemlerle değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; katılımcıların %70,5’i tek vardiyalıçalışma sisteminde çalıştıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Katılımcıların haftalık, 2 haftalık ve aylık olarak vardiyadönüşümü yaptıkları ve en verimli vardiyanın tek vardiya sistemi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların%38,3’ü çalıştıkları işten memnun olduklarını, %32,4’ü ise çalışma saatlerinden memnun olduklarınıbelirtmişlerdir.Öğe The color changes on varnish layers after accelerated aging through the hot and cold-check test(Academic Journals, 2010) Budakçı, Mehmet; Korkut, Derya Sevim; Esen, RaşitThe purpose of this paper is to determine the color changes of cellulosic, polyurethane and acrylic varnish layers which were applied on the surfaces of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) wood material after accelerated aging effects through the hot and cold-check test. For this purpose, test samples were firstly kept at 50 +/- 5 degrees C temperature for 1 h, and then conditioned for 1 h in a conditioning room, later moved to -20 +/- 2 degrees C temperature keeping for 1 h according to ASTM D1211-97 standard. These processes were accepted as 1 cycle and tests were continued to 20 cycles. Then the color changes were determined by using Minolta CR-231 device of tristimulus colorimeter according to ASTM D2244-07e1 standard. It was found that most color change was determined in cellulosic, polyurethane and acrylic varnish layers on the surfaces of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Eastern beech (F. orientalis L.) and sessile oak (Q. petraea L.) wood material. The endurance of the protective coating (such as paint and varnish) to external effects is limited and the lifetime of the coating is determined by the type and the severity of the effects to which it is exposed. The effect of a color change on varnish layers can determine the usefulness of the varnish. It is conjectured that especially for the manufacturers and consumers in the furniture and decoration sector, the data obtained in this study will contribute to the making up of deficiencies in the understanding of the subject.Öğe Düzce Orman Ürünleri Sanayi Çalışanlarında Yorgunluk ve Yorgunluğu Etkileyen Etmenlerin İncelenmesi(2021) Gedik, Tarık; Çil, Muhammet; Korkut, Derya Sevimİş gücü yoğun bir sektör olan orman ürünleri sanayi sektöründe çalışanlar, çalışma ortamının çevresel ve fiziksel faktörlerinden etkilenmektedirler. Bu çalışmada, Düzce ilinde faaliyette bulunan orman ürünleri sanayi işyerlerinde fiziksel, zihinsel ve çevresel faktörler ile vücut duruşunun çalışanların yorgunluk düzeyleri üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma amacını gerçekleştirmek için 2019 yılı Düzce Ticaret ve Sanayi Odasına kayıtlı 10 ve daha fazla çalışanı olan 196 işletmede 5459 çalışan, çalışmanın evrenini oluşturmuştur. 2019 ve 2020 yıllarındaki Covid-19 pandemisinin olumsuzlukları nedeniyle %95 güven düzeyi, %6,75 hata oranında 203 çalışana ulaşılabilmiştir. Çalışmada araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen anket formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışanların yorgunluk düzeyleri Krupp vd. tarafından geliştirilen “Yorgunluk Şiddet Ölçeği” ile belirlenmiştir. Yapılan istatistiksel değerlendirmeler sonucunda katılımcıların %20,1’inin işten kaynaklı olarak yorgunluk yaşamadıkları, %63,3’ünün işten kaynaklı olarak yorgunluk yaşadıkları ve %16,6’sının da işten kaynaklı olarak kronik yorgunluk yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların iş esnasında taşınan ağırlığın fazla olmasından kaynaklı sorunlar yaşadığı ve çalışma ortamında bulunan çevresel faktörlerden en fazla gürültü, toz ve sıcaklık/soğukluktan kaynaklı sorunlar yaşadığı belirlenmiştir.Öğe Effect of heat treatment on some mechanical properties of laminated window profiles manufactured using two types of adhesives(Mdpi, 2008) Korkut, Derya Sevim; Korkut, Süleyman; Dilik, TuncerThe mechanical properties of laminated window profiles manufactured using two types of adhesives were determined. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of heat treatment on some mechanical properties of laminated window profiles that manufactured from Kosipo (Entandrophragma candollei Harms.) using differenet type adhesives. Commercially produced polyurethane based Macroplast UR 7221 and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive were used for experiments. The overall test results were found to be comparable to those obtained in the previous studies. Both types of adhesives resulted in significant differences in their strength characteristics at 95% confidence level. Adhesive UR 7221 improved the overall properties of the samples in contrast to PVAc.Öğe Effect of Heat Treatment on Surface Characteristics of Wild Cherry Wood(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2013) Korkut, Derya Sevim; Hızıroğlu, Salim; Aytin, AyhanHeat treatment effects on surface properties of wild cherry (Prunus avium) including surface roughness, glossiness, and color stability were evaluated. Samples were exposed to a temperature of 212 degrees C for 1.5 and 2.5 h. A stylus type profilometer, glossmeter, and spectrophotometer were employed to determine surface characteristics of heat-treated specimens. Glossiness and surface roughness values of the samples decreased with heat treatment compared to those of control specimens. The glossiness and values of surface roughness decreased for the samples with all treatment combinations. The samples had significant discoloration as a result of heat exposure. Color difference of the specimens increased as a result of all treatment schedules.Öğe Effect of thermal modification on the properties of narrow-leaved ash and chestnut(Elsevier, 2012) Korkut, Süleyman; Korkut, Derya Sevim; Kocaefe, Duygu; Elustondo, Diego; Bajraktari, Agron; Çakıcıer, NevzatThe concept of thermal modification has evolved from a challenging research program to commercial reality in several European countries in recent years. The aim of this study is to determine the change of various physical properties (oven-dry density, air-dry density, weight loss, swelling and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE)), compression strength parallel to grain, colour difference (Delta E), glossiness and surface roughness of narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) woods after heat treatment under different temperatures and durations. For this study two different temperatures (160 degrees C and 180 degrees C) and two different durations (2h and 4h) were considered. A stylus method was employed to evaluate the surface characteristics of the samples. Roughness measurements by the stylus method were made in the direction perpendicular to the fiber. Four main roughness parameters which are mean arithmetic deviation of profile (RA, mean peak-to-valley height (R-z), root mean square roughness (R-q), and maximum roughness (R-y) obtained from the surface of wood were used to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the surface characteristics of the specimens. The properties studied were significantly different (p=0.05) at two temperatures and two durations of heat treatment. Based on the findings of this study, the results showed that oven-dry density, air-dry density, swelling, compression strength parallel to grain and surface roughness decreases with increasing heat treatment temperature and time. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe The effects of heat treatment on physical and technological properties and surface roughness of Camiyani Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp pallasiana var. pallasiana) wood(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2008) Gündüz, Gökhan; Korkut, Süleyman; Korkut, Derya SevimHeat treatment is often used to improve the dimensional stability of wood. In this study, the effects of heat treatment on physical properties and surface roughness of Camiyani Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana var. pallasiana) wood were examined. Samples obtained from Yenice-Zonguldak Forest Enterprises, Turkey, were subjected to heat treatment at varying temperatures and for varying durations. The physical properties of heat-treated and control samples were tested, and oven-dry density, air-dry density, and swelling properties were determined. The mechanical properties of heat-treated and control samples were tested, and compression strength, and Janka-hardness were determined. A stylus method was employed to evaluate the surface characteristics of the samples. Roughness measurements by the stylus method were made in the direction perpendicular to the fiber. Four main roughness parameters, mean arithmetic deviation of profile (R-a), mean peak-to-valley height (R-z), root mean square roughness (R-q), and maximum roughness (R-y) obtained from the surface of wood were used to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the surface characteristics of the specimens. Significant difference was determined (p = 0.05) between physical and technological properties, and surface roughness parameters (R-a, R-z, R-y, R-q) for three temperatures and three durations of heat treatment. Based on the findings in this study, the results showed that density, swelling, compression strength, Janka-hardness and surface roughness values decreased with increasing treatment temperature and treatment times. Increase in temperature and duration further diminished technological strength values of the wood specimens. Camiyani Black Pine wood could be utilized by using proper heat treatment techniques without any losses in strength values in areas where working, stability, and surface smoothness, such as in window frames, are important factors. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe The effects of heat treatment on physical properties and surface roughness of red-bud maple (Acer trautvetteri Medw.) wood(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2008) Korkut, Derya Sevim; Güller, BilginHeat treatment is often used to improve the dimensional stability of wood. In this study, the effects of heat treatment on physical properties and surface roughness of red-bud maple (Acer trautvetteri Medw.) wood were examined. Samples obtained from Duzce Forest Enterprises, Turkey, were subjected to heat treatment at varying temperatures and durations. The physical properties of heat-treated samples were compared against controls in order to determine their; oven-dry density, air-dry density, and swelling properties. A stylus method was employed to evaluate the surface characteristics of the samples. Roughness measurements, using the stylus method, were made in the direction perpendicular to the fiber. Three main roughness parameters; mean arithmetic deviation of profile (R-a), mean peak-to-valley height (R-z), and maximum roughness (R-max) obtained from the surface of wood, were used to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the surface characteristics of the specimens. Significant differences were determined (p > 0.05) between surface roughness parameters (R-a, R-z, R-max) at three different temperatures and three periods of heat treatment. The results showed that the values of density, swelling and surface roughness decreased with increasing temperature treatment and treatment times. Red-bud maple wood could be utilized successfully by applying proper heat treatment techniques without any losses in investigated parameters. This is vital in areas, such as window frames, where working stability and surface smoothness are important factors. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe The effects of heat treatment on technological properties in Red-bud maple (Acer trautvetteri Medw.) wood(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2008) Korkut, Süleyman; Kök, M. Şamil; Korkut, Derya Sevim; Gürleyen, TuğbaHeat treatment is often used to improve the dimensional stability of wood. In this study, the effects of heat treatment on technological properties of Red-bud maple (Acer trautvetteri Medw.) wood were examined. Samples obtained from Duzce Forest Enterprises, Turkey, were subjected to heat treatment at varying temperatures (120 degrees C, 150 degrees C and 180 degrees C) and for varying durations (2 h, 6 It and 10 h). The technological properties of heat-treated wood samples and control samples were tested. Compression strength parallel to grain, bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending, janka-hardness, impact bending strength, and tension strength perpendicular to grain were determined. The results showed that technological strength values decreased with increasing treatment temperature and treatment times. Red-bud maple wood could be utilized by using proper heat treatment techniques with minimal losses in strength values in areas where working, and stability such as in window frames, are important factors. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe The effects of heat treatment on the physical properties and surface roughness of Turkish Hazel (Corylus colurna L.) wood(Mdpi, 2008) Korkut, Derya Sevim; Korkut, Süleyman; Bekar, İlter; Budakçı, Mehmet; Dilik, Tuncer; Çakıcıer, NevzatHeat treatment is often used to improve the dimensional stability of wood. In this study, the effects of heat treatment on the physical properties and surface roughness of Turkish Hazel (Corylus colurna L.) wood were examined. Samples obtained from Kastamonu Forest Enterprises, Turkey, were subjected to heat treatment at varying temperatures and for different durations. The physical properties of heat-treated and control samples were tested, and oven-dry density, air-dry density, and swelling properties were determined. A stylus method was employed to evaluate the surface characteristics of the samples. Roughness measurements, using the stylus method, were made in the direction perpendicular to the fiber. Four main roughness parameters, mean arithmetic deviation of profile (Ra), mean peak-to-valley height (Rz), root mean square roughness (Rq), and maximum roughness (Ry) obtained from the surface of wood were used to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the surface characteristics of the specimens. Significant difference was determined (p = 0.05) between physical properties and surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Ry, Rq) for three temperatures and three durations of heat treatment. The results showed that the values of density, swelling and surface roughness decreased with increasing temperature treatment and treatment times. Turkish Hazel wood could be utilized successfully by applying proper heat treatment techniques without any losses in investigated parameters. This is vital in areas, such as window frames, where working stability and surface smoothness are important factors.Öğe The effects of protective dye layer applied on varnish layer hardness, scratch resistance and glossiness of various blockboard types(Academic Journals, 2011) Çakıcıer, Nevzat; Korkut, Süleyman; Korkut, Derya Sevim; Kurtoğlu, Ahmet; Erdinler, E. Seda; Ulay, GökselThis study is carried out for determining the changes occurring on the amount of the material used on the protective layer when polyurethane and acrylic (lacquered) dye is applied on the test samples prepared from sandwich type composite (blockboard) boards with their surface coated or uncoated with paper, which are used for the yacht furniture and interior decoration. After applying polyurethane and acrylic dye on the 30 test samples prepared as coated or uncoated with paper with 10 x 10 x 1.6 cm sizes from blockboard, the surface hardness values of the protective layer as applied in ASTM D 436695 (1984) were determined, the scratch resistance were determined according to the essentials specified in TS 4757 (1986), and the glossiness were also determined according to the essentials specified in TS 4318 EN ISO 2813 (2002). According to the result of the study, concealing dyeing is obtained with much surface hardness, scratch resistance and glossiness by using less lacquer dye on the boards coated with paper. With this study, it is possible to suggest that coating with paper before lacquer dyeing can be a preferable application in terms of cost and time saving.Öğe Effects of QUV accelerated aging on surface hardness, surface roughness, glossiness, and color difference for some wood species(2011) Çakıcıer, Nevzat; Korkut, Süleyman; Korkut, Derya Sevim; Kurtoğlu, Ahmet; Sönmez, AbdullahThe surface hardness, surface roughness, glossiness, and color difference were determined for wooden materials produced from three commonly used species - two native of Turkey and one exotic - treated with one- and two-component water-based varnishes and exposed to different amounts of radiation to mimic accelerated aging using a QUV aging device. One- and two-component water-based varnishes were applied two-and three coats to Scoth pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Iroko (Chlorophora excelsa), and Anatolian chestnut (Castenea sativa Mill.) woods. Then, the varnish coated materials were exposed to QUV aging devices for 216 and 432 h. Results indicated that the surface hardness and glossiness were decreased for all the three wood species across all the treat ment combinations. However, values of surface roughness and color difference were increased for all the threewood species across all the treatment combination. © 2011 Academic Journals.Öğe EVALUATING THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF HEAT-TREATED WOOD CUT WITH DIFFERENT CIRCULAR SAWS(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2011) Budakçı, Mehmet; İlçe, Abdullah Cemil; Korkut, Derya Sevim; Gürleyen, TuğbaThe effects of different circular saws on surface roughness were determined for heat-treated wood, including Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.), Uludag fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.), and sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.), which are used commonly in Turkey. Samples were heat-treated for 3, 5, or 7 hours at 140 or 160 C, and cut with circular saws with 28, 48, 60, 72, or 96 teeth. Then, the surface roughness of the samples was determined using a scanning device (TIME TR200) with respect to the ISO 4287 standard. Heat treatment increased the surface roughness of the wood used, and changed the colour of the wood. To obtain smooth surfaces with or without heat treatment, a circular saw with 28 teeth and a double chamfered (WZ) mouth profile is recommended.Öğe Experimental Test of Heat Treatment Effect on Physical Properties of Red Oak (Quercus falcate Michx.) and Southern Pine (Pinus taeda L.)(Mdpi, 2014) Korkut, Derya Sevim; Hızıroğlu, SalimThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment and compression on the swelling and surface roughness of Southern red oak (Quercus falcate Michx.) and Southern pine (Pinus taeda L.). Specimens were exposed to temperature levels of 110 degrees C or 200 degrees C for 8 h before they were compressed using 2.5 MPa pressure for 5 min. Swelling values of the control and heat-treated samples in three grain orientations were evaluated by soaking them in water for 48 h. A stylus method was employed to determine the surface characteristics of the samples. Three main roughness parameters, namely mean arithmetic deviation of profile (R-a), mean peak-to-valley height (R-z), and maximum roughness (R-max) were used to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on surface characteristics of the samples. Oak and pine specimens had 39.8% and 28.7% lower tangential swelling values, respectively, than those of control samples as a result of exposure to a temperature of 200 degrees C. Heat treatment did not make any significant difference on surface quality. Micrographs taken from cross sections of the specimens revealed that there was some cell distortion and modification due to heat treatment as well as compression. Combination of heat treatment and compression can be considered an alternative method to improve certain physical properties of these two species.Öğe How impregnation with boron compounds affects the surface hardness of some varnishes(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2011) Atar, Musa; Keskin, Hakan; Korkut, Süleyman; Korkut, Derya SevimPurpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate how impregnation with boron compounds affects the surface hardness of varnished wood materials. Design/methodology/approach - Test samples were prepared from Scotch pine, Oriental spruce, and Uludag fir, which met the requirements of ASTM D 358. These samples were impregnated with boric acid (Ba) and borax (Bx) using a vacuum technique, according to ASTM D 1413 guidelines. After impregnation, surfaces were coated with cellulosic, synthetic, polyurethane, water-based, acrylic, and acid-hardening varnishes in accordance with ASTM D 3023 guidelines. Surface hardnesses of specimens after the varnishing process were determined, in accordance with ASTM D 4366 guidelines. Findings - Surface hardness was greatest for samples of spruce treated with Ba and polyurethane varnish, and lowest for samples of Scotch pine treated with Bx and synthetic varnish. With regard to wood type, impregnation material, and varnish type, surface hardness was greatest for Oriental spruce impregnated with Ba and polyurethane varnish and lowest for Scotch pine impregnated with Ba and synthetic varnish. Thus, impregnation with boron compounds increased the surface hardness of the varnished wood. Research limitations/implications - A protective coating (such as varnish) has limited resistance to external effects and the lifetime of the coating will be determined by the type and severity of conditions to which it is exposed. Practical implications - Types of varnishes, wood materials, and impregnation chemicals affect surface hardness and can influence the usefulness of wood materials, where surface hardness values are important. Originality/value - The study results reported in the paper help address the lack of research in this field and should be informative, in particular, for manufacturers and consumers in the furniture and decoration sector.Öğe Impact of impregnation with boron compounds on combustion properties of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and varnishes(Academic Journals, 2011) Atar, Musa; Keskin, Hakan; Korkut, Süleyman; Korkut, Derya SevimThis study examined the impacts of varnishing after impregnation with boron compounds on combustion properties of oriental beech. The test samples prepared from oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) wood were impregnated according to ASTM D 1413-76-99 with boric acid (Ba) or borax (Bx) using a vacuum technique. After impregnation, one of six varnishes (cellulosic (Cv), synthetic (Sn), polyurethane (Pu), water-based (Wb), acrylic (Ac) or acid-hardening (Ah) was applied in accordance with ASTM D 3023 coated surfaces. After treating, varnishing and conditioning, the combustion properties of samples were determined according to ASTM E 160-50. Combustion temperatures for Bx and Wb were highest when testing without flame source combustion (WFSC), while Ba and Pu exhibited the lowest temperature when testing for flame source combustion (FSC). For the combination of combustion type, impregnation material and varnish type, combustion temperature was the highest for WFSC + boric acid + water-based varnish, but the lowest for WFSC + boric acid + synthetic varnish. As a result, the tested varnishes showed an increasing impact, but boron compounds (Ba and Bx) showed a decreasing impact on the combustion properties of beech. In conclusion, for usage areas having a high risk of fire, impregnation of wood material with boron compounds before varnishing will decrease combustion temperature and provide some degree of security.