Determination of both the expression and serum levels of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 genes in COVID-19

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dc.contributor.authorGulhan, Pinar Yildiz
dc.contributor.authorEroz, Recep
dc.contributor.authorOzturk, Cihadiye Elif
dc.contributor.authorYekenkurul, Dilek
dc.contributor.authorAltinsoy, Hasan Baki
dc.contributor.authorBalbay, Ege Gulec
dc.contributor.authorErcelik, Merve
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:48:24Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:48:24Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractWe aimed to evaluate the effects of both the expression and serum levels of Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) genes in patients with different degrees of cellular damage as mild, moderate, severe, and critical illness that can lead to fibrosis caused by SARS-CoV-2. Totally 45 individuals (male: 21(46.67%); female: 24(53.33%)) with COVID-19 infection were included in this study. Four groups were constituted as mild (n = 16)], moderate (n = 10), severe (n = 10), and critical (n = 9) according to the severity of the disease. Blood samples were drawn from the patients, and all of the hemograms, EGF and TGF beta 1 gene expression, and serum levels were evaluated. The mean age of individuals was 57.311 +/- 18.383 (min: 28, max: 94). Significant differences were found among the groups for PLT (chi(2) = 9.955; p = 0.019), CRP (chi(2) = 7.693; p = 0.053), Ferritin (chi(2) = 22.196; p < 0.001), D-dimer (chi(2) = 21.982; p = 0.000), LDH (chi(2) = 21.807; p < 0.001) and all these parameters (exclude PLT in severe groups) was increased depending on the severity of the disease. Additionally, significant differences were detected for EGF (chi(2) = 29.528; p < 0.001), TGFB1 (chi(2) = 28.981; p < 0.001) expression (that increased depending on the disease severity), and EGF (chi(2) = 7.84; p = 0.049), TGFB1 (chi(2) = 17.451; p = 0.001) serum concentration levels (that decreased depending on the disease severity). This study found statistically significant differences for both EGF 2(-Delta Delta Ct). TGF beta 1 2(-Delta Delta Ct) and EGF, TGF beta 1 serum concentration values among all patient groups. As disease severity increased, EGF 2(-Delta Delta Ct). TGF beta 1 2(-Delta Delta Ct) levels increased, while EGF and TGF beta 1 serum concentration levels decreased. Perhaps this study will be useful in managing COVID-19 infection severity and pulmonary fibrosis cases secondary to COVID-19.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipDuezce Universityen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe Duezce University coordinatorship of scientific research projects.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-025-92304-1
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.issue1en_US
dc.identifier.pmid40118922en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105000490361en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92304-1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/21906
dc.identifier.volume15en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001449773000017en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherNature Portfolioen_US
dc.relation.ispartofScientific Reportsen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectCellular damageen_US
dc.subjectEpidermal growth factoren_US
dc.subject& Idot;nfectionen_US
dc.subjectPulmonary fibrosisen_US
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2en_US
dc.subjectTransforming growth factor-beta 1en_US
dc.titleDetermination of both the expression and serum levels of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 genes in COVID-19en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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