Evaluation of pain scores during intravitreal injection in systemic conditions and in conjunction with medications

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dc.contributor.authorSezer, Taha
dc.contributor.authorAltikardesler, Emir
dc.contributor.authorErdogan, Kubra
dc.contributor.authorArslan, Betul
dc.contributor.authorColak, Kubra
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:48:10Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:48:10Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractBackground: Intravitreal injection (IVI) is a common practice in today's ophthalmology clinics. The pain that patients will experience after the application may be important in compliance with the treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between various clinical characteristics of patients receiving IVI and corresponding visual analogue scale (VAS) scores (0: no pain to 10: severe pain). Design: Single-centre, Prospective study. Methods: A total of 313 participants (168 females, 145 males) with a mean age of 66.91 +/- 9.67 years underwent IVI for diabetic retinopathy (DRP), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), or age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Eye examinations, including visual acuity and intraocular pressure measurements, were also conducted, and injection indications were determined based on dilated fundus examinations and spectral domain optical coherence tomography images. Following the injections, the researchers solicited VAS scores ranging from 0 to 10 (no pain to severe pain). The study explored the relationships between clinical characteristics, headache frequency, joint and muscle pain, analgesic use, surgical history, antidepressant use, vasovagal syncope, previous injections, and VAS score. Results: The mean VAS score was 4.77 +/- 2.90. While DRP and RVO had similar VAS scores (4.95 +/- 2.98 and 5.22 +/- 2.70, respectively), the AMD group had significantly lower scores (4.09 +/- 2.64). Compared with nonusers, antidepressant users had significantly greater VAS scores (5.79 +/- 3.43) (4.52 +/- 2.70) (p < 0.05). Patients with a history of syncope had significantly greater VAS scores (p < 0.05). In patients reporting monthly headaches, a positive correlation was found between headache frequency and VAS score (r = 0.23, p < 0.01). Conclusion: For individuals experiencing daily headaches, inquiries about vasovagal syncope and antidepressant use may be beneficial, considering the potential association of these symptoms with higher VAS scores after IVIs.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/25158414241275360
dc.identifier.issn2515-8414
dc.identifier.pmid40862273en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105014542947en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1177/25158414241275360
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/21764
dc.identifier.volume17en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001558689600001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/Aen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSage Publications Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofTherapeutic Advances in Ophthalmologyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectantidepressanten_US
dc.subjectheadacheen_US
dc.subjectintravitreal injectionsen_US
dc.subjectvasovagal syncopeen_US
dc.subjectvisual analogue scaleen_US
dc.titleEvaluation of pain scores during intravitreal injection in systemic conditions and in conjunction with medicationsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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