Investigation of changes in leaf area ındex in different forest stands

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dc.contributor.authorDegermenci, Ahmet Salih
dc.contributor.authorZengin, Hayati
dc.contributor.authorOzcan, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorCitgez, Tarik
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:48:45Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:48:45Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractLeaf area & imath;ndex (LAI) is a fundamental metric of forest canopy structure, driving photosynthetic capacity, carbon sequestration, and ecosystem productivity. In this study, we quantified LAI variation across six forest stand types (pure fir, pure beech, pure Scots pine, mixed coniferous, mixed deciduous, and mixed deciduous-coniferous) and six developmental stages in the D & uuml;zce region of Turkey, an area characterized by mixed, heterogeneous woodlands. Field measurements from 260 systematically distributed sample plots collected in 2015 employed hemispherical photography for LAI, the N-tree method for basal area (BA) and diameter at breast height (DBH), and atmospherically corrected Landsat 8 OLI imagery for NDVI. Descriptive analyses revealed LAI values ranging from 0.36 m(2)/m(2) in pure Scots pine to 6.30 m(2)/m(2) in mixed deciduous stands. One-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple-range tests confirmed significant differences among stand types (p < 0.01), with mixed and vertically stratified stands exhibiting the highest LAI. Developmental stages showed increasing mean LAI trends from juvenile (ab) to mature (d) classes, though stage-only ANOVA was not significant (p = 0.378) due to high within-stage variability (CV approximate to 31%). Pearson correlations indicated moderate positive relationships between LAI and both DBH (r = 0.49) and BA (r = 0.53), whereas NDVI displayed the strongest association (r = 0.75 overall; up to r = 0.80 in mixed stands). A multiple linear regression model integrating NDVI, DBH, and BA explained 60.6% of LAI variance (F = 129.7, p < 0.001; adjusted R-2 = 0.601), with NDVI emerging as the dominant predictor (standardized beta = 0.683), followed by DBH (beta = 0.326) and BA (beta = 0.187). These findings underscore the complementary value of integrating spectral indices and structural parameters in the estimation of LAI, particularly in heterogeneous forest stands. The structural complexity of mixed stands appears to play a critical role in enhancing canopy development. To improve estimation accuracy in conifer-dominated or high-LAI forests, future studies should consider incorporating alternative vegetation indices and LiDAR-derived structural metrics to overcome limitations such as spectral saturation and insufficient vertical resolution. Such integrated approaches can significantly enhance the scalability and cost-effectiveness of forest health and productivity monitoring efforts.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-213O199]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK, Project ID: TOVAG-213O199). The authors would also like to thank the Directors of Duzce Forest Enterprise for their collaboration on the field studies.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10661-025-14299-6
dc.identifier.issn0167-6369
dc.identifier.issn1573-2959
dc.identifier.issue8en_US
dc.identifier.pmid40601064en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105010054700en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14299-6
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/22084
dc.identifier.volume197en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001522047600009en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Monitoringand Assessmenten_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectLeaf area indexen_US
dc.subjectBasal areaen_US
dc.subjectForest stand typeen_US
dc.subjectMean diameter at breast heighten_US
dc.subjectNDVIen_US
dc.titleInvestigation of changes in leaf area ındex in different forest standsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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