Primary repair versus reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: Functional outcomes and postural stability compared with healthy controls

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dc.authoridCiceklidag, Murat/0000-0001-7883-9445;
dc.contributor.authorCiceklidag, Murat
dc.contributor.authorAyas, Inci Hazal
dc.contributor.authorOklaz, Ethem Burak
dc.contributor.authorAral, Furkan
dc.contributor.authorTosun, Muhammed Furkan
dc.contributor.authorKanatli, Ulunay
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:48:48Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:48:48Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractPurpose To compare functional outcomes and postural stability in patients undergoing primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair or hamstring tendon reconstruction, using healthy individuals as a reference. We hypothesized that primary ACL repair would result in superior subjective knee function and postural stability.Methods This comparative case-control study assessed pain, function, single-leg hop performance and postural stability were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Lysholm Knee Score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Score and Biodex Biosway indices (OSI: overall stability index, API: anteroposterior index, MLI: mediolateral index) in bipedal and single-leg stance. Statistical analyses included one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis tests for group comparisons, with paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for within-group comparisons, depending on data distribution.Results A total of 113 participants were analyzed: primary repair (primary repair group [PRG], n = 40), reconstruction (reconstruction group [RG], n = 38), and control (control group [CG], n = 35) groups. Mean follow-up was 43.2 +/- 10.1 months in PRG and 43.9 +/- 11.7 months in RG. VAS scores were 1.37 +/- 1.56 in PRG and 1.89 +/- 1.62 in RG (mean difference [MD] = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.19 to 1.23, p = 0.15). Lysholm scores were 92.6 +/- 6.95 in PRG and 89.5 +/- 9.09 in RG (MD = -3.02, 95% CI: -6.66 to 0.61, p = 0.10). IKDC scores were significantly higher in PRG (88.2 +/- 9.01) than RG (82.6 +/- 12.1) (MD = 5.63, 95% CI: 0.84 to 10.42, p = 0.02). On the operated side, MLI was lower in PRG (0.2 +/- 0.3) than RG (0.3 +/- 0.2) (MD = -0.05, 95% CI: 0.008 to 0.11, p = 0.02), indicating better mediolateral stability. Single-leg hop distance was shorter in RG (1.40 +/- 0.28 m) and PRG (1.43 +/- 0.27 m) compared with CG (1.62 +/- 0.18 m) (CG vs. RG: MD = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.36; CG vs. PRG: MD = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.33; p = 0.001), despite LSI values exceeding 90% (RG: 93.1 +/- 8.5%; PRG: 95.1 +/- 6.3%).Conclusions Primary anterior cruciate ligament repair provides comparable functional and postural outcomes to reconstruction and may offer superior subjective knee function and mediolateral balance in selected patients.Level of Evidence Level III.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/ksa.70050
dc.identifier.issn0942-2056
dc.identifier.issn1433-7347
dc.identifier.pmid40892033en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105015159765en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.70050
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/22119
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001563715700001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherWileyen_US
dc.relation.ispartofKnee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectanterior cruciate ligament reconstructionen_US
dc.subjectanterior cruciate ligament repairen_US
dc.subjectknee functionen_US
dc.subjectpostural stabilityen_US
dc.subjectsingle-leg hop testen_US
dc.subjectIKDC scoreen_US
dc.titlePrimary repair versus reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: Functional outcomes and postural stability compared with healthy controlsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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