Milliyetçilik Ve Yazın Bağlamında Türk Romanında (1950-1980) Gayrimüslim Azınlıklar
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2016
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Edebî türler içerisinde roman, diğer türlerle kıyaslandığında, geleneksel anlatı formlarından ilk ve ciddi kopuşu ifade eden anlatı türüdür. Roman sözcüğünün taşıdığı (novel/yeni) anlam, bunu açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. "Modern çağın epiği" olarak kabul edilen roman, modern bir olgu olan ulus oluşumunu en iyi temsil eden türdür. Türk romanında Meşrutiyet dönemi gelişmeleri, toprak kayıpları, Balkan Harpleri, I. Dünya Savaşı, İstanbul'un işgal edilmesi vb. birçok olay, milliyetçi duyguların işlenmesi için elverişli bir konu skalası sunmuştur. Azınlıklar konusu, milliyetçilik bağlamında, "tutkulu ve hırs yüklü" bir biçimde Türk romanının üzerinde durduğu önemli meselelerden biridir. Bu çalışmada da dünyada milliyetçiliğin zirveye çıktığı yılların hemen akabinde yayımlanan bazı romanlarda , azınlıklar konusunun nasıl işlendiği ana hatlarıyla belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. İnsancıl bir bakış ve sınıf gerçeği açısından azınlıkları konu alan romanlarda, genel olarak azınlıkların olumlu tipler olarak çizildiği görülürken, yaşanan vahim olaylar neticesinde ülkeyi terk etmeleri ise kayıp olarak nitelenir. Yaşanan bazı olumsuzluklar dönemin iktidarına fatura edilir. Ulusal ve milliyetçi bir perspektifle azınlıkları ele alan romanlarda azınlıklar, ülkenin işgali sonrasında şımarıklık yapan ve taşkınlık gösteren kişiler olarak anlatılır. Türklere karşı sergiledikleri çirkin davranışlar, roman kahramanlarının millî bilinçle dolmalarına vesile olur. Ayrılıkçı fikirler gütmeyen azınlıklar, olumlu ve iyi yönleriyle romana dâhil olurlar. "İhanet edenler ise er geç cezalandırılacaktır" düşüncesi de (Küçük Ağa vb.), bazı romanlarda işlenir. İslâmcı bakış açısıyla yazılan romanlarda azınlıkların ele alınışı, milliyetçi görüş ile paralellikler gösterir. Bazı yazarlarda azınlıklara "metres olmak" lâyık görülürken, bazılarında da onların Batı tarafından içimize sokulan Truva atı olduğu düşüncesi işlenir. Yahudilerin adı ise bozgunculuk ve yıkımla özdeşleşmiştir
Novel in literary genres, when compared with others, is the kind of narrative that expresses initial and serious break from traditional narrative forms. The meaning of the word of "novel" clearly reveals this situation. Novel, which is admitted as the epic of the modern age, is the most representative genre of the modern phenomenon, the nation formation. In Turkish Novel, many cases like Constitutional period developments, losses of ground, Balkan wars, World War I., occupation of Istanbul etc. presented convenient issue scale to cultivate nationalistic feelings. In nationalism context, minority issue, which is emphasized with passionate and ambitious manner, is one of the main cases of Turkish novel. In this study, the perspectives on minorities in the novels which were published after years of peak of nationalism were tried to generally determine. Generally, minorities are seen as positive characters in the novels, with the point of humanistic and classification, which were about minorities and their leavings the country after desperate events are seen as a loss. It is considered that the government of that period were responsible for problems. Minorities are seen as brazen and frenzy figures after the occupation of the country in the novels, with the point of nationalistic, which were about minorities. Their heinous behaviours for Turks provoked national consciousness on fictitious characters. Minorities who weren't separatist are in the novel with their positive behaviours. The idea "betrayers will be punished sooner or later" was mentioned in some novels (like Küçük Ağa etc.). Discussion about minorities in the novels with the point of islamic is parallel with nationalistic view. Minorities were figured as a mistress by some authors and for some others as a trojan horse which were managed by foreigners. The title "jewish" were identified with defeatism and ravage
Novel in literary genres, when compared with others, is the kind of narrative that expresses initial and serious break from traditional narrative forms. The meaning of the word of "novel" clearly reveals this situation. Novel, which is admitted as the epic of the modern age, is the most representative genre of the modern phenomenon, the nation formation. In Turkish Novel, many cases like Constitutional period developments, losses of ground, Balkan wars, World War I., occupation of Istanbul etc. presented convenient issue scale to cultivate nationalistic feelings. In nationalism context, minority issue, which is emphasized with passionate and ambitious manner, is one of the main cases of Turkish novel. In this study, the perspectives on minorities in the novels which were published after years of peak of nationalism were tried to generally determine. Generally, minorities are seen as positive characters in the novels, with the point of humanistic and classification, which were about minorities and their leavings the country after desperate events are seen as a loss. It is considered that the government of that period were responsible for problems. Minorities are seen as brazen and frenzy figures after the occupation of the country in the novels, with the point of nationalistic, which were about minorities. Their heinous behaviours for Turks provoked national consciousness on fictitious characters. Minorities who weren't separatist are in the novel with their positive behaviours. The idea "betrayers will be punished sooner or later" was mentioned in some novels (like Küçük Ağa etc.). Discussion about minorities in the novels with the point of islamic is parallel with nationalistic view. Minorities were figured as a mistress by some authors and for some others as a trojan horse which were managed by foreigners. The title "jewish" were identified with defeatism and ravage
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Cilt
11
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10
