Designing a cascaded exponential PID controller via starfish optimizer for DC motor and liquid level systems

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dc.contributor.authorIzci, Davut
dc.contributor.authorJabari, Mostafa
dc.contributor.authorCelik, Emre
dc.contributor.authorEkinci, Serdar
dc.contributor.authorBajaj, Mohit
dc.contributor.authorRubanenko, Olena
dc.contributor.authorProkop, Lukas
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T11:39:55Z
dc.date.available2026-07-01T11:39:55Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractIn this study, a novel cascaded exponential proportional-integral-derivative (exp-PID) controller tuned by the starfish optimization algorithm (SFOA) is proposed for enhancing the transient and steady-state performance of nonlinear dynamic systems. The design objective is to achieve improved adaptability, robustness, and precision under varying operating conditions and external disturbances. The exponential PID structure introduces nonlinear modulation in the proportional and derivative components, enabling smoother control action and superior damping characteristics compared to conventional PID and fractional-order PID designs. The proposed SFOA-based exp-PID controller is validated on two benchmark systems: a DC motor speed control system and a three-tank liquid-level process. Across multiple independent trials, the controller achieved outstanding results, with the DC motor system attaining a rise time of 0.0039 s, settling time of 0.0083 s, and zero overshoot, while the three-tank system reached a rise time of 1.72 s, settling time of 2.47 s, overshoot of 1.5%, and steady-state error of 9.22 x 10(-)(5)%. Comparative analyses with recently developed algorithms (including the flood algorithm, greater cane rat algorithm, mantis search algorithm, and dandelion optimizer) as well as previously reported methods demonstrate the superior convergence behavior, stability, and accuracy of the proposed controller. Statistical evaluations further confirm the method's robustness and consistent performance across repeated runs.
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Union under the REFRESH-Research Excellence For Region Sustainability and High-Tech Industries Project via the Operational Programme Just Transition [CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048]; National Centre for Energy II; Research and Innovation Action to Support the Implementation of the Climate Neutral and Smart Cities Mission Project [TN02000025]; ExPEDite through European Union [101139527] -- This research is funded by European Union under the REFRESH-Research Excellence For Region Sustainability and High-Tech Industries Project via the Operational Programme Just Transition under Grant CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048; in part by the National Centre for Energy II and ExPEDite Project a Research and Innovation Action to Support the Implementation of the Climate Neutral and Smart Cities Mission Project TN02000025; and in part by ExPEDite through European Union's Horizon Mission Programme under Grant 101139527.
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-025-28145-9
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7673-2553
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8359-0875
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-2660-182X
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1086-457X
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0495-5499
dc.identifier.pmid41361227
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105025768524
dc.identifier.scopusqualityN/A
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28145-9
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/23542
dc.identifier.volume15
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001647750200002
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherNature Portfolio
dc.relation.ispartofScientific Reports
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260623
dc.subjectCascaded Control
dc.subjectDc Motor
dc.subjectExponential Pid
dc.subjectLiquid Level System
dc.subjectMetaheuristic Optimization
dc.subjectStarfish Optimization Algorithm
dc.subjectSystem Stability
dc.titleDesigning a cascaded exponential PID controller via starfish optimizer for DC motor and liquid level systems
dc.typeArticle

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