The effect of recreational games on happiness, life satisfaction, loneliness, and somatisation in elderly individuals: a non-randomized controlled trial

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dc.authoridKadioglu, Hasibe/0000-0003-4965-0277
dc.contributor.authorCakar, Merve
dc.contributor.authorKadioglu, Hasibe
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:48:02Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:48:02Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractBackgroundParticipation in recreational activities supports continuity of activity and psychological well-being in old age. Games are one of these recreational activities. This study aims to measure the influence of recreational games on somatisation, loneliness, happiness and life satisfaction among elderly individuals. MethodsThis non-randomized quasi-experimental study involved 80 individuals from two nursing homes, allocated to intervention (n = 40) and control (n = 40) groups. Participants, aged 65 or older, met cognitive eligibility criteria based on the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination. The intervention group selected 4 games (hot-and-cold, word challenge, bingo, matching pairs) from a set of 15 and played twice weekly for two months in smaller groups. The control group maintained their usual leisure activities. Data were collected using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form, Satisfaction with Life Scale, De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised Somatization Subscale at baseline, 1 week, and 1 month post-intervention. ResultsThe intervention group (IG) showed significant improvements compared to the control group (CG). Happiness (eta(2) = 0.93) and life satisfaction (eta(2) = 0.92) increased significantly in the IG (p < 0.0001), with higher scores than the CG in both the post-test (r approximate to -0.246 to -0.212, p < 0.05) and follow-up (r approximate to -0.273 to -0.309, p < 0.01). Loneliness, including emotional and social loneliness, decreased significantly in the IG (eta(2) = 0.94, p < 0.0001), with greater reductions than the CG in the post-test and follow-up (r approximate to -0.503 to -0.593, p < 0.0001). Somatization did not change significantly within the IG but showed a reduction compared to the CG in the post-test and follow-up (r approximate to -0.226 to -0.280, p < 0.05). ConclusionsRecreational games may give psychological benefits to older adults. Yet, results of the study need to be interpreted with caution and need to be replicated. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06505070 (retrospectively registered, Protocol ID: Duzce-U-merve0003, Last Update Posted: 2024-08-02). https://ctv.veeva.com/study/the-effect-of-recreational-games-on-happiness-life-satisfaction-loneliness-and-somatisation-in-el?comeFrom=study-search.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s40359-025-02583-6
dc.identifier.issn2050-7283
dc.identifier.issue1en_US
dc.identifier.pmid40121499en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105000772444en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02583-6
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/21717
dc.identifier.volume13en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001449813900001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringernatureen_US
dc.relation.ispartofBmc Psychologyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectElderlyen_US
dc.subjectGameen_US
dc.subjectHappinessen_US
dc.subjectLife satisfactionen_US
dc.subjectLonelinessen_US
dc.subjectSomatisationen_US
dc.titleThe effect of recreational games on happiness, life satisfaction, loneliness, and somatisation in elderly individuals: a non-randomized controlled trialen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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