Effect of time-activity patterns and microenvironments on the personal exposure of undergraduate students to black carbon
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Springer
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
In this study, the personal exposure to and potential dose of black carbon (BC) of undergraduate students (22-27 years old, nonsmokers) were determined. BC was continuously measured by a portable device (microAeth (R) AE51) for four consecutive days in Istanbul between April and May 2019. The time-activity diaries filled out by each volunteer were assessed to define the activities and microenvironments (home, school, transportation and entertainment) that contributed to daily BC exposure. The overall mean concentration of BC was 2.0 mu g/m(3), and the mean concentrations on weekdays and weekends were 3.0 mu g/m(3) and 1.1 mu g/m(3), respectively. Transportation made the highest contribution to mean BC exposure (42%) and dose (45.8%) on weekdays, while the contributions of home-based activities to BC exposure (66.1%) and dose (63.2%) were higher on weekends. Students had the most intense exposure to (2.8% and 4.6%) and dose (3.1% and 5.8%) of BC in transportation both on weekdays and on weekends, respectively. Between transportation modes, the mean BC concentration was the highest for minibuses (14.8 mu g/m(3)), while walking made the largest contribution to BC exposure (16.8%) on weekdays. Students spent 12.8% of their weekdays at school, and the contributions of the school environment to BC exposure and dose were 8.5% and 7%, respectively. Exposure to BC increased during cooking and eating activities in microenvironments such as the kitchen, cafe and dining hall.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Black Carbon; Personal Exposure; Inhaled Dose; Time-Activity Patterns; Contribution; Undergraduate Students, Particulate Matter; Size Distribution; Fine Particulate; Air-Pollution; Ultrafine Particles; Pm2.5; Pollutants; Transport; Children; Bc
Kaynak
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
WoS Q Değeri
Q3
Scopus Q Değeri
Q2
Cilt
194
Sayı
9
