Evaluation of the toxic effects of thimerosal and/or aluminum hydroxide in SH-SY5Y cell line

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dc.authoridCAKIR, Deniz Arca/0000-0002-6110-1775
dc.authoridBalci Ozyurt, Aylin/0000-0002-0060-271X
dc.authoridERKEKOGLU, PINAR/0000-0003-4713-7672
dc.contributor.authorÖztürk, Mehmet Evren
dc.contributor.authorYirün, Anıl
dc.contributor.authorErdemli Köse, Selinay Başak
dc.contributor.authorBalcı Özyurt, Aylin
dc.contributor.authorÇakır, Deniz Arca
dc.contributor.authorOral, Didem
dc.contributor.authorErkekoğlu, Pınar
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-26T11:50:38Z
dc.date.available2023-07-26T11:50:38Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentDÜ, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Eczacılık Meslek Bilimleri Bölümüen_US
dc.description.abstractIn this study, we aimed to evaluate possible toxic effects of thimerosal, aluminum and combination of thimerosal and aluminum in SH-SY5Y cells. Inhibitory concentrations were determined by MTT assay; reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by a fluorometric kit and antioxidant/oxidant parameters were measured by spectrophotometric kits. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-associated factor 2 (Nrf2), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine beta beta-hydroxylase (DBH) levels were measured by sandwich ELISA kits while 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and dopamine levels were determined by competitive ELISA kits. Thimerosal (1.15 mu M) and aluminum (362 mu M) were applied to cells at inhibitory concentrations 20 (IC(20)s) for 24 h. ROS increased significantly in cells aluminum- and aluminum+thimerosal-treated cells. Glutathione levels decreased in aluminum group while total antioxidant capacity and protein oxidation levels increased significantly in aluminum and aluminum+thimerosal groups. Lipid peroxidation increased significantly in groups treated with aluminum and aluminum+thimerosal. Nrf2 levels and DNA damage were significantly higher in all groups while dopamine levels significantly increased in cells treated with thimerosal and aluminum+thimerosal, DAT levels were found to be higher in all experimental groups compared to the control. These findings showed that both thimerosal and aluminum can change oxidant/antioxidant status, cause DNA damage, alter dopamine and DAT levels. Changes seen in cells treated with combined exposure to aluminum and thimerosal are more pronounced. Special care should be taken while vaccinating sensitive populations and safer alternatives for aluminum and thimerosal should used.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipHacettepe University Research Fund [TYL-2020-18729]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Hacettepe University Research Fund. Funding ID: TYL-2020-18729.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/09603271221136206
dc.identifier.issn0960-3271
dc.identifier.issn1477-0903
dc.identifier.pmid36411272en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85142351697en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1177/09603271221136206
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/12395
dc.identifier.volume41en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000928083900001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.institutionauthorOral, Didem
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSage Publications Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofHuman & Experimental Toxicologyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.snmz$2023V1Guncelleme$en_US
dc.subjectAluminum; Neurotoxicity; Oxidative Damage; Thimerosal; Vaccineen_US
dc.subjectOxidative Stress; Vaccine Adjuvants; Dopamine; Mercury; Disease; Beta; Malondialdehyde; Mechanisms; Infants; Safetyen_US
dc.titleEvaluation of the toxic effects of thimerosal and/or aluminum hydroxide in SH-SY5Y cell lineen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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