Comparative Assessment of Short- and Long-Term Effects of Triadimenol Fungicide on Danio rerio Erythrocytes Using the Micronucleus and Erythrocyte Nuclear Abnormality Assays

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dc.contributor.authorRasgele, Pinar Goc
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:47:41Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:47:41Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractTriadimenol is a systemic fungicide widely used in agriculture to manage plant diseases, especially fungal infections. This study aims to evaluate the short-term (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) and long-term (10, 20, and 30 days) genotoxic effects of different concentrations of triadimenol on zebrafish (Danio rerio) erythrocytes using micronucleus (MN) and erythrocyte nuclear abnormal (ENA) assay. Fish were treated with 1.5, 3, and 6 mg/L concentrations of triadimenol for short and long-term periods. After the treatment period, blood was collected with heparin syringe, smears were prepared, the preparations were fixed and stained. For MN assay in short-term treatments, statistically significant MN formation was found at all concentrations of triadimenol for 24 h treatment, at the highest triadimenol concentration for 48 h, at 1.5 and 3 mg/L concentrations for 72 h, and at 3 mg/L concentrations for 96 h, compared to the negative control. In long-term treatments, significant increases in MN formation were observed at all concentrations of triadimenol for 10 and 20 days of treatment compared to the negative control. Mortality occurred at 3 and 6 mg/L concentrations in the 30-day treatment. The most frequently detected abnormalities included echinocytes and binuclear cells. For ENA assay, abnormalities such as echinocytes, binuclear cells, segmented cells, and kidney-shaped nuclei were detected in fish erythrocytes treated with different concentrations of triadimenol. All concentrations of triadimenol caused an increase in the total abnormality level in Danio rerio erythrocytes at all treatment times. These increases were concentration dependent for both short-term and long-term treatments. In conclusion, this study emphasized the potential genotoxic risks of triadimenol fungicide for aquatic organisms in both short-term and long-term treatments and the need for further ecotoxicological evaluation.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/toxics13030199
dc.identifier.issn2305-6304
dc.identifier.issue3en_US
dc.identifier.pmid40137526en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105001129216en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030199
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/21527
dc.identifier.volume13en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001453288400001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.institutionauthorRasgele, Pinar Goc
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMdpien_US
dc.relation.ispartofToxicsen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjecttriadimenolen_US
dc.subjectgenotoxicityen_US
dc.subjectzebrafishen_US
dc.subjectgenotoxicity assaysen_US
dc.subjectecotoxicologyen_US
dc.titleComparative Assessment of Short- and Long-Term Effects of Triadimenol Fungicide on Danio rerio Erythrocytes Using the Micronucleus and Erythrocyte Nuclear Abnormality Assaysen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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