Estimation of Health Risks Associated with Household Dust Contamination in Bolu (Turkey)
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Date
2020
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
The levels of metals associated with dust is higher in indoor environment as compared to settled dust or soil in theexterior counterpart in the urban centers. The metals can be transferred to human body via inhalation, ingestionand dermal contact upon exposure and pose a significant health problem. The primary objectives of this study are(i) to determine the levels of metals in home dust samples in Bolu, Turkey, (ii) to assess the associated health riskwhen citizens are exposed to these metals in indoor environment. To end this, sixteen vacuum cleaning bagscontaining dust were collected from the homes located in the city center of Bolu (Turkey) between November andDecember 2017. The collected samples were analyzed by employing Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence(WDXRF) spectrometer in terms of major (Al, Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Na, P, S and Si) and minor (As, Ba, Br, Ce, Co, Cr,Cu, Fe, Mn, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sn, Sr, Ti, Y, Zn and Zr) metals at Turkish Atomic Energy Agency, Radiation andAccelerator Technologies Department, Ankara (Turkey). The measured levels of metals in the samples wereranged from 6.52±1.60 µg g-1for Y to 10.4±3.3 % for Na. The crustal enrichment factor (EFcrust) was calculatedin order to understand the contamination level of household dust samples as compared to soil composition. EFcrustresults revealed that there is minimal enrichment of Si, Rb, Ti, Ba, K, Y and Mn in household dust samples withrespect to soil composition. On the other hand, Zn, Cl, and S found to be extremely enriched in the samplesaccording to EFcrust values. Health risk assessment due to household dust metal exposure depicted that ingestion ofdust particles is the main route of exposure for both adults and children. Overall, the calculated HQ value <1.0suggesting there is no significant non-carcinogenic health risk for the residents. Cancer risks associated with Pband Cr were estimated to be within the EPA’s safe limits (1x10-6and 1.0x10-4).
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Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi
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Volume
8
Issue
4
