EXPLORING HAZELNUT SHELL-DERIVED CARBON AS AN ECO-FRIENDLY ADDITIVE IN BICYCLE TIRE MANUFACTURING

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dc.contributor.authorCetin, Esra
dc.contributor.authorGerengi, Husnu
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:47:59Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:47:59Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractRecently, the tire industry has focused on eco-friendly practices, particularly on integrating waste materials into rubber formulations. Natural alternatives to carbon have offered a promising way to lower the carbon footprint by promoting recycling. This study explored the incorporation of carbon derived from hazelnut shells (HSC), an agricultural byproduct, as an additive in bicycle tire manufacturing. Bicycle tire formulations were prepared by maintaining a constant total carbon filler content of 28 parts per hundred rubber (phr). Initially, 28 phr of commercial carbon black and 0 phr of HSC were used. In subsequent formulations, the carbon black content was gradually reduced to (21, 14, 7, and finally 0) phr, while the HSC content was correspondingly increased to (7, 14, 21, and 28) phr to replace the reduced commercial carbon black. The produced tires were analyzed using density measurements, Mooney viscosity (MV), Mooney scorch (MS), rheological evaluations, mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), plunger tests, and rolling resistance tests. The study demonstrates that, although increasing the amount of HSC in tire compositions reduces the mechanical performance, the required performance standards for bicycle tires are still met.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipDuzce University Research Fund [2024.06.05.1481]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis scientific study was conducted at the R&D Centre of Anlas Tyre Company. We would like to thank all the R&D staff of Anlas Tyre Company for their kind support, especially Gasim Altundal and Canan Yuksel for their assistance in sample preparation. We would also like to thank Prof Dr Bagdagul Karaagac for her invaluable help with proofreading. This project was supported by Duzce University Research Fund (Project No. 2024.06.05.1481) .en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.17222/mit.2024.1315
dc.identifier.endpage141en_US
dc.identifier.issn1580-2949
dc.identifier.issn1580-3414
dc.identifier.issue1en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85217922722en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3en_US
dc.identifier.startpage133en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2024.1315
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/21681
dc.identifier.volume59en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001424274400015en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ4en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherInst Za Kovinske Materiale I In Tehnologieen_US
dc.relation.ispartofMateriali in Tehnologijeen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjecthazelnut shell carbon (HSC)en_US
dc.subjectbicycle tireen_US
dc.subjectcarbon black alternativesen_US
dc.subjecteco-friendly rubber additivesen_US
dc.titleEXPLORING HAZELNUT SHELL-DERIVED CARBON AS AN ECO-FRIENDLY ADDITIVE IN BICYCLE TIRE MANUFACTURINGen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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