Indoor and Outdoor Dust Bound Element Levels of Primary Schools in Düzce: Spatial Variations and Health Risks
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2026
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Springernature
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
In this study, the levels of elements Al, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Pb, and Bi were measured in indoor and outdoor dust samples collected from 30 primary schools in D & uuml;zce, T & uuml;rkiye. Trace element analyses in samples were performed using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrophotometer (ICP/MS). Based on the findings, potential health risks of the pollutants were assessed. For both children and adults, the hazard index (HI) values for various exposure routes were found to be ingestion> dermal contact> inhalation, and & sum;HI values were found to be 1.7E + 00 for children and 2.7E-01 for adults. In case of cancer risk levels, the HI values for different exposure routes followed the ingestion> dermal contact> inhalation order. The cumulative cancer risk level for all exposure routes of carcinogenic elements was calculated to be 6.2E-5. The cancer risk levels thus found were above the acceptable range of 10-6-10-4. In order to characterize the sources of dust samples, correlation analysis, enrichment factors analysis, and principal component analysis were also used. The most important sources for outdoor dust were found to be traffic, fires and combustion, and industrial emissions, while it is estimated that indoor sources such as building construction materials, cooking activities and paints may also be important sources of indoors dust.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
[Keyword Not Available]
Kaynak
Aerosol Science and Engineering
WoS Q Değeri
Q3
Scopus Q Değeri
Q2
