Sağlıklı kentler ve yerel yönetim ilişkisi: Bursa büyükşehir örneği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Dünya genelinde nüfusun hızla artması, sınırlı olan ve tükenen doğal kaynakları etkin kullanmanın önemini göstermiştir. Bu durumda, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde sunduğu fırsatlar sebebi ile hızlı nüfus artışı olmakta ve kentlerde doğal kaynakların korunmasını sağlamak için kent planlamalarının önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından başlatılmış olan Sağlıklı Kent hareketi; sağlığı amaç edinmiş, huzurlu, yaşanabilir kent olmak için gerekli yapısal değişiklikleri ve ilerleyişi başlatarak, çalışmaları bu kapsamda sürdürmeyi hedefleyen bir kentsel gelişim aracıdır. 1948'de Dünya Sağlık Merkezi, sağlığı'' tamamen fiziksel, zihinsel ve sosyal refah durumu'' olarak tanımlamıştır. 1992'de Birleşmiş Milletler, Çevre ve Kalkınma Rio Deklarasyonu' nunda ise kentlerin ve doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilir gelişimine dikkat çekmiştir. Dolayısıyla "Sağlıklı Şehir ve Sağlıklı Peyzaj'' kavramları özellikle 2012'de yapılan Rio+20 zirveleri ile güncelliğini korumaktadır. Ülkemizde Sağlıklı kent hareketinin uygulanabilirliği için Belediye ve Büyükşehir Kanunu uygun bir zemin hazırlamaktadır. Ülkemizde Sağlıklı kentler proje çalışmaları 1993'te başlamıştır. Sağlıklı Kentler Birliği (SKB), Sağlıklı Kentler hareketinin Türkiye' de gelişmesi, benimsenmesi, uygulanması ve sürdürülebilirliği amacı ile 22 Aralık 2004 Tarihli Resmî Gazete ile tüzel kişilik kazanmış mahalli idare birliğidir. Sağlıklı Kentler Birliği çalışmaları olağan ve olağanüstü meclis toplantıları ve eğitim çalışmaları şeklinde gerçekleşmektedir. Bu araştırmada ilk olarak Dünya Sağlık Örgütü çalışmalarının Türkiye'deki temsilcisi olan Türkiye Sağlıklı Kentler Birliği çalışmalarının genel olarak irdelenmesi, Sonrasında Bursa İli özelinde Sağlıklı Kentler üyesi olan belediyelerin çalışmaları belirlenip, yerel yönetimlerin çalışmalarında birlik faaliyetlerinin faydası, Sağlıklı Kentler Birliğinin bu çalışmalarda ne kadar yer aldığı, birbirlerine sağladıkları katkı, belediyede yönetici pozisyonunda çalışanların Sağlıklı Kentler hakkındaki bilgisi, görüş ve fikirleri sağlıklı ve sürdürülebilirlik kriterleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bu analizler için, çalışma alanı olarak seçilen Bursa ili Sağlıklı Kentler Birliği üye belediyelerin birim müdürlüklerinde anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak sağlıklı kentler deneyimlerinin gerek büyükşehir gerekse il ve ilçe belediyelerindeki algı durumu ortaya konularak, idareci düzeyinde bir değerlendirme yapılarak bazı öneriler getirilmiştir.
The rapid increase of the population around the world has shown the importance of using limited and depleted natural resources effectively. In this case, there is rapid population growth due to the opportunities it offers, especially in developing countries, and the importance of urban planning is emphasized in order to protect natural resources in cities. Healthy City movement has been initiated by the World Health Organization; It is an urban development tool that aims to continue the studies within this scope by initiating the necessary structural changes and progress to become a peaceful and livable city and aims health as well. In 1948, the World Health Center Which defined 'health' as "purely physical, mental and social well-being". In 1992, the United Nations drew attention to the sustainable development of cities and natural resources in the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. Therefore, the concepts of "Healthy City and Healthy Landscape" are kept up to date, especially with Rio + 20 summits held in 2012. The Municipality and Metropolitan Law prepares a suitable ground for the applicability of the healthy city movement in our country. The studies of healthy cities project in our contry started in 1993. Healthy Cities Association (SKB) is a local administration union that has gained legal personality with the Official Newspaper dated December 22, 2004 for the purpose of the development, adoption, implementation and sustainability of the Healthy Cities movement in Turkey. The studies of healty cities union take place in the form of ordinary and extraordinary assembly meetings and training activities. In this research, first of all, the studies of the Turkish Healthy Cities Association, which is the representative of the World Health Organization studies in Turkey, are generally examined, Afterwards, the works of the municipalities that are members of Healthy Cities in the province of Bursa are determined, and the benefit of the activities of the union in the works of local administrations, How much the Healthy Cities Association is involved in these studies, their contribution to each other, The knowledge, views and opinions of those working in managerial positions in the municipality about Healthy Cities were evaluated in terms of healthy and sustainability criteria. For these analyzes, a survey was conducted in the unit directorates of the Bursa Healthy Cities Association member municipalities, which were selected as the study area. As a result, some suggestions were made by making an evaluation at the administrator level by revealing the perception of healthy cities experiences in both metropolitan and provincial and district municipalities which were selected as the study area.
The rapid increase of the population around the world has shown the importance of using limited and depleted natural resources effectively. In this case, there is rapid population growth due to the opportunities it offers, especially in developing countries, and the importance of urban planning is emphasized in order to protect natural resources in cities. Healthy City movement has been initiated by the World Health Organization; It is an urban development tool that aims to continue the studies within this scope by initiating the necessary structural changes and progress to become a peaceful and livable city and aims health as well. In 1948, the World Health Center Which defined 'health' as "purely physical, mental and social well-being". In 1992, the United Nations drew attention to the sustainable development of cities and natural resources in the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. Therefore, the concepts of "Healthy City and Healthy Landscape" are kept up to date, especially with Rio + 20 summits held in 2012. The Municipality and Metropolitan Law prepares a suitable ground for the applicability of the healthy city movement in our country. The studies of healthy cities project in our contry started in 1993. Healthy Cities Association (SKB) is a local administration union that has gained legal personality with the Official Newspaper dated December 22, 2004 for the purpose of the development, adoption, implementation and sustainability of the Healthy Cities movement in Turkey. The studies of healty cities union take place in the form of ordinary and extraordinary assembly meetings and training activities. In this research, first of all, the studies of the Turkish Healthy Cities Association, which is the representative of the World Health Organization studies in Turkey, are generally examined, Afterwards, the works of the municipalities that are members of Healthy Cities in the province of Bursa are determined, and the benefit of the activities of the union in the works of local administrations, How much the Healthy Cities Association is involved in these studies, their contribution to each other, The knowledge, views and opinions of those working in managerial positions in the municipality about Healthy Cities were evaluated in terms of healthy and sustainability criteria. For these analyzes, a survey was conducted in the unit directorates of the Bursa Healthy Cities Association member municipalities, which were selected as the study area. As a result, some suggestions were made by making an evaluation at the administrator level by revealing the perception of healthy cities experiences in both metropolitan and provincial and district municipalities which were selected as the study area.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Peyzaj Mimarlığı, Landscape Architecture
