Public Buildings in Baghdad (Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries): Urban Centrality and Local Architectural Practices Through QGIS-Based Spatial Analysis

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dc.contributor.authorDemirel, Busra Nur Gulec
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T11:39:21Z
dc.date.available2026-07-01T11:39:21Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis paper examines public architecture in Baghdad during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, focusing on how public buildings contributed to the formation of urban centrality and how this process interacted with local architectural practices. Rather than approaching public construction solely through administrative or ideological frameworks, the study conceptualizes public buildings as structuring components in the reconfiguration of the urban fabric. Methodologically, the research adopts a two-stage, multi-scalar approach. First, public buildings in Beirut, Damascus, and Baghdad are identified and comparatively analyzed using QGIS-based spatial analysis, employing Kernel Density Estimation and DBSCAN clustering to examine patterns of spatial concentration, distribution, and relationships with major urban axes. This comparative stage establishes a comparative spatial framework for understanding urban centrality in provincial capitals. In the second stage, Baghdad is examined as a focused case study through building-scale architectural analysis, incorporating plan organization, construction techniques, material use, and environmental adaptation based on archival documents, historical maps, and visual sources. The results indicate that public buildings in Baghdad were not isolated institutional entities but integral components in the formation of new urban focal areas structured along river-oriented and infrastructural axes. Architecturally, these buildings exhibit a hybrid character, combining standardized public building programs with locally embedded materials, construction methods, and spatial adaptations. The study concludes that public architecture in late Ottoman Baghdad emerged through a negotiated process between centralized planning principles and local architectural knowledge, producing a distinct yet contextually grounded form of urban centrality.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/buildings16061173
dc.identifier.issn2075-5309
dc.identifier.issue6
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105034268179
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16061173
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/23253
dc.identifier.volume16
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001725798400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.institutionauthorDemirel, Busra Nur Gulec
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofBuildings
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260623
dc.subject[Keyword Not Available]
dc.titlePublic Buildings in Baghdad (Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries): Urban Centrality and Local Architectural Practices Through QGIS-Based Spatial Analysis
dc.typeArticle

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