Economics of conservation law enforcement by rangers across Asia

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dc.contributor.authorFarhadinia, Mohammad S.
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, Paul J.
dc.contributor.authorKamath, Vignesh
dc.contributor.authorEid, Ehab
dc.contributor.authorHikmani, Hadi Al
dc.contributor.authorAmbarlı, Hüseyin
dc.contributor.authorAlom, Zahangir
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-26T11:50:29Z
dc.date.available2023-07-26T11:50:29Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentDÜ, Orman Fakültesi, Yaban Hayatı Ekolojisi ve Yönetimi Bölümüen_US
dc.description.abstractBiodiversity targets, under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, prioritize both conservation area and their effectiveness. The effective management of protected areas (PAs) depends greatly on law enforcement resources, which is often tasked to rangers. We addressed economic aspects of law enforcement by rangers working in terrestrial landscapes across Asia. Accordingly, we used ranger numbers and payment rates to derive continental-scale estimates. Ranger density has decreased by 2.4-fold since the 1990s, increasing the median from 10.9 to 26.4 km(2) of PAs per ranger. Rangers were generally paid more than the minimum wage (median ratio = 1.9) and the typical salaries in agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector (median ratio = 1.2). Annual spending on ranger salaries varied widely among countries, with a median of annual US71 km(-2) of PA. Nearly 208,000 rangers patrolling Asian PAs provide an invaluable opportunity to develop ranger-based monitoring plans for evaluating the conservation performance. As decision-makers frequently seek an optimum number of law enforcement staff, our study provides a continental baseline median of 46.3 km(2) PA per ranger. Our findings also provide a baseline for countries to improve their ranger-based law enforcement which is critical for their Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework targets.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/conl.12943
dc.identifier.issn1755-263X
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85150634360en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12943
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/12357
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000951273200001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.institutionauthorAmbarlı, Hüseyin
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherWileyen_US
dc.relation.ispartofConservation Lettersen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.snmz$2023V1Guncelleme$en_US
dc.subjectAnti-Poaching; Conservation Spending; Minimum Wage; Ranger; Wildlife Economyen_US
dc.subjectProtection; Patrolsen_US
dc.titleEconomics of conservation law enforcement by rangers across Asiaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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