Design, Fabrication, and Evaluation of Hybrid Polycaprolactone/Graphene Scaffold Based on Additive Manufacturing and Electrospinning

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dc.authoridHou, Yanhao/0000-0001-9229-0356;
dc.contributor.authorUcan, M. Tugrul
dc.contributor.authorMeng, Duo
dc.contributor.authorAslan, Enes
dc.contributor.authorCaetano, Guilherme F.
dc.contributor.authorHou, Yanhao
dc.contributor.authorWang, Weiguang
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:48:48Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:48:48Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractElectrospinning and additive manufacturing (AM) are key technologies for fabricating bone tissue engineering scaffolds, each with unique strengths and limitations. Electrospinning produces nanoscale fibers that promote cell attachment and affinity on 2D surfaces but offer limited mechanical strength. In contrast, AM creates 3D scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties through precise control of topological structures, but the capability to stimulate and guide cell growth is limited compared to electrospun nanoscale fibers. Combining both methods holds potential for next-generation scaffold development with desirable mechanical and biological properties. This study investigates the fabrication of multi-scale and multi-material scaffolds by integrating extrusion-based AM and solution electrospinning. Polycaprolactone (PCL), a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, served as the base material, while graphene nanosheets were incorporated as functional fillers to enhance mechanical, electrical, surface, and biological properties. Solution electrospinning was first optimized, and hybrid scaffolds were fabricated, with an image-based optimization method, obtaining 87% of the fibres well-aligned with the designed direction. Optimal scaffold composition (PCL nanofibers with 1 wt.% graphene + PCL microfibers with 3 wt.% graphene) was also identified based on 2D mesh characterization results (186% enhancement of the mechanical property and 23% enhancement of the cell proliferation result, compared with neat PCL). The findings demonstrate the potential of this hybrid fabrication approach for developing advanced polymer-carbon nanomaterial scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration applications.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipRosetrees Trust UK [CF-2023-I-2\103]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversity of Manchesteren_US
dc.description.sponsorshipSao Paulo Research Foundationen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistry of National Education of the Republic of Turkey (T.C.MEB)en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors wish to acknowledge Rosetrees Trust UK for the Continuation Funding (Ref: CF-2023-I-2\103), and the funding from SPRINT Joint Research Scheme between The University of Manchester and The Sao Paulo Research Foundation. Mustafa Tugrul Ucan would like to acknowledge the funding from the Ministry of National Education of the Republic of Turkey (T.C.MEB).en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/mame.202500236
dc.identifier.issn1438-7492
dc.identifier.issn1439-2054
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105011834479en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500236
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/22118
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001535998600001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherWiley-V C H Verlag Gmbhen_US
dc.relation.ispartofMacromolecular Materialsand Engineeringen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectadditive manufacturingen_US
dc.subjectbone tissue engineeringen_US
dc.subjectelectrospinningen_US
dc.subjectgrapheneen_US
dc.subjectpolycaprolactoneen_US
dc.subjectscaffolden_US
dc.titleDesign, Fabrication, and Evaluation of Hybrid Polycaprolactone/Graphene Scaffold Based on Additive Manufacturing and Electrospinningen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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