Can the combination index be used as a new perspective in characterizing the toxicity of metal mixtures?

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dc.authoridCumbul Altay, Melek/0000-0003-3739-7518;
dc.contributor.authorSonmez, V. Z.
dc.contributor.authorAkarsu, C.
dc.contributor.authorAltay, M. C.
dc.contributor.authorErcan, N.
dc.contributor.authorSivri, N.
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:48:38Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:48:38Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractInvestigating the characterization of toxicity from new perspective requires considering the multiple interactions between different toxicants and moving beyond the traditional indices. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to address these shortcomings by investigating the toxicological effects of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and iron (Fe) both individually and in binary and ternary combinations by focusing on the inhibition of bioluminescence of Aliivibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna as the test organisms. The toxicity of the metals was categorized according to the index methods: Combination Index (CI), Toxicity Unit (TU), Mixture Toxicity Index (MTI) and modelling techniques: Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA) models for prediction the EC50 values. Consequently, toxicity showed antagonistic effects at lower levels within the binary and ternary mixtures of Ni, Co, and Fe, while a synergistic toxicity was determined by the Ni-Co mixture, particularly at higher concentrations. These findings highlight that the CI can be used as a comprehensive tool to accurately assess chemical interactions in environmental toxicology. Particularly noteworthy is the effectiveness of the CI-isobologram equation as a suitable approach to assess the toxicological effects of metal interactions on A. fischeri.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s13762-025-06517-y
dc.identifier.issn1735-1472
dc.identifier.issn1735-2630
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105005102317en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-025-06517-y
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/22030
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001489031400001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Environmental Scienceand Technologyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectAliivibrio fischerien_US
dc.subjectDaphnia magnaen_US
dc.subjectMetal toxicityen_US
dc.subjectCombination indexen_US
dc.subjectAdditive effecten_US
dc.subjectAntagonisticen_US
dc.subjectSynergismen_US
dc.titleCan the combination index be used as a new perspective in characterizing the toxicity of metal mixtures?en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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