A Comprehensive Review on ISAC for 6G: Enabling Technologies, Security, and AI/ML Perspectives

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dc.contributor.authorAldirmaz-Colak, Sultan
dc.contributor.authorNamdar, Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorBasgumus, Arif
dc.contributor.authorOzyurt, Serdar
dc.contributor.authorKulac, Selman
dc.contributor.authorCalik, Nurullah
dc.contributor.authorYazici, Mehmet Akif
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:48:15Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:48:15Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractIntegrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has received significant attention over the past five years as a key component of the 6G vision for next-generation communication systems. Starting with the fundamentals of ISAC, we present strategies focused on sensing-centric and communication-centric ISAC systems that satisfy both radar and communication objectives using the same physical hardware and waveform. The communication-centric ISAC focuses primarily on improving communication performance beyond 5G/6G cellular networks and Wi-Fi standards, while also performing additional processing required for detection. On the other hand, the sensing-centric ISAC prioritizes sensing and detection capabilities while incorporating communication functions in the most efficient way possible. In this survey, we present a comprehensive review of both ISAC systems along with new approaches for enabling technologies and highlight unique challenges and existing solutions that are already available. We explore the roles of innovative functions in enabling ISAC, including joint waveform design, edge computing, vehicular sensing and communications, and their practical applications. We then discuss 3GPP standardization efforts related to ISAC as a future direction for the 6G vision. We also outline possible future research directions, with a specific emphasis on security, artificial intelligence, and machine learning.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3573371
dc.identifier.endpage97193en_US
dc.identifier.issn2169-3536
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105006825096en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage97152en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3573371
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/21827
dc.identifier.volume13en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001504136600043en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherIeee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Incen_US
dc.relation.ispartofIEEE Accessen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryDiğeren_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectIntegrated sensing and communicationen_US
dc.subject6G mobile communicationen_US
dc.subjectReviewsen_US
dc.subjectSecurityen_US
dc.subjectSurveysen_US
dc.subject3GPPen_US
dc.subjectRadaren_US
dc.subjectReconfigurable intelligent surfacesen_US
dc.subjectResource managementen_US
dc.subjectRadar trackingen_US
dc.subject6Gen_US
dc.subjectartificial intelligenceen_US
dc.subjectDFRCen_US
dc.subjectedge computingen_US
dc.subjectISACen_US
dc.subjectmmWaveen_US
dc.subjectNOMAen_US
dc.subjectradaren_US
dc.subjectRISen_US
dc.titleA Comprehensive Review on ISAC for 6G: Enabling Technologies, Security, and AI/ML Perspectivesen_US
dc.typeReviewen_US

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