A Comparative Analysis of Five Forest Certification Programs

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dc.authoridCieszewski, Chris J./0000-0003-2842-4406
dc.authoridYesil, Ahmet/0000-0002-2494-0326
dc.authoridZengin, Hayati/0000-0002-6679-0063
dc.authoridBettinger, Pete/0000-0002-5454-3970
dc.authorid, Ngobrolgame.com/0000-0001-6815-9112
dc.authoridAbrams, Jesse/0000-0002-1937-4606
dc.authorwosidBettinger, Pete/H-2189-2018
dc.contributor.authorGutierrez Garzon, Alba Rocio
dc.contributor.authorBettinger, Pete
dc.contributor.authorSiry, Jacek
dc.contributor.authorAbrams, Jesse
dc.contributor.authorCieszewski, Chris
dc.contributor.authorBoston, Kevin
dc.contributor.authorYesil, Ahmet
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-01T18:50:25Z
dc.date.available2021-12-01T18:50:25Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.department[Belirlenecek]en_US
dc.description.abstractInternational expansion of forest certification programs has occurred over the last three decades. Both public and private organizations have shown increased interest in becoming certified by one or more forest certification bodies, to assure the public that forest resources are managed adequately in sustaining forest health and socio-economic viability. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) program is globally used as a benchmark to implement forest certification at the national and regional levels. The Sustainable Forest Initiative (SFI) and the American Tree Farm System (ATFS) are also used throughout the United States. In Europe, individual countries such as Bulgaria and Turkey have also developed national forest certification programs. The SFI, ATFS and Bulgarian programs are further endorsed by the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). The results of a qualitative analysis comparing the FSC forest certification program with the SFI, the ATFS, and the two European national programs (Bulgarian and Turkish) suggest that differences in these programs are not necessarily related to their language, but to the level of detail and prescriptiveness of each program. We find that the FSC is much more detailed and prescriptive in nearly all aspects considered for forest certification. In particular, we find that most of the elements considered in the FSC Principle 6 (Environmental Impact) are either only superficial, or not addressed at all, in the other four programs. Furthermore, the other programs appear to be less comprehensive and detailed in the substance of the FSC monitoring and assessment principles. In a few areas, the Turkish program requires more quantitative indicators for assessing forest management than the other programs. Though a comparison of the legal framework related to forest management in each of the studied countries was briefly introduced, our study focuses on the certification schemes themselves; it may contribute to policy discussions in the future development and implementation of other certification programs.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipU.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and AgricultureUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2015-10780]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Grant 2015-10780.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/f11080863
dc.identifier.issn1999-4907
dc.identifier.issue8en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85090404295en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/f11080863
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/10874
dc.identifier.volume11en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000568596600001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMdpien_US
dc.relation.ispartofForestsen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectATFSen_US
dc.subjectFSCen_US
dc.subjectSFIen_US
dc.subjectpolicyen_US
dc.subjectsustainabilityen_US
dc.subjectTurkeyen_US
dc.subjectBulgariaen_US
dc.subjectUnited Statesen_US
dc.subjectManagement Certificationen_US
dc.subjectGovernanceen_US
dc.subjectFscen_US
dc.subjectGovernmenten_US
dc.subjectPerspectivesen_US
dc.subjectEvolutionen_US
dc.subjectLessonsen_US
dc.titleA Comparative Analysis of Five Forest Certification Programsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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