Optimization of low-velocity impact behavior of FML structures at different environmental temperatures using taguchi method and grey relational analysis

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dc.authoridEkici, Ergun/0000-0002-5217-872X;
dc.contributor.authorDundar, Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorUygur, Ilyas
dc.contributor.authorEkici, Ergun
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:48:11Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:48:11Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractCarbon fiber-reinforced Aluminum Laminate (CARALL) is a new generation of Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) material. This study investigates the low-velocity impact behavior of CARALL structures at different environmental temperatures (-40 degrees C, 23 degrees C, and 80 degrees C). Two different groups of CARALL composite structures with varying fiber orientations were produced by hot pressing in a 3/2 arrangement: C1 (Al/0 degrees 90 degrees/Al/90 degrees 0 degrees/Al) and C2 (Al/0 degrees 0 degrees/Al/0 degrees 0 degrees/Al). Low-velocity impact tests were conducted at 23 J, 33 J, and 48 J energy levels using a & Oslash;20 mm spherical impactor tip. The area of damage was detected by ultrasonic C-Scan. In addition, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to reveal the influential parameters and their effect levels. After conducting experiments using the Taguchi L18 test set, it was observed that the C2-coded specimen yielded better results in terms of maximum peak load, maximum displacement, and damage area. While the decrease in temperature increased the damage and maximum peak load, the increase in temperature did not cause a significant change in the maximum peak load. The primary damage mechanisms observed in damage investigations were matrix cracks and delamination between composite layers. Although delamination is present between the Al/CFRP layer, it is not significant. According to ANOVA results, impact energy was the most effective parameter for maximum impact force, maximum displacement, and damage area, with contribution rates of 81%, 74%, and 76%, respectively. The optimal experimental conditions (23 degrees C temperature and 23 J impact energy with the C1-coded sample) were determined using grey relational analysis based on principal component analysis.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipDuezce University Research Fund [2020.06.05.1123, 2021.06.05.1191]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study is supported by Duezce University Research Fund Project Number: (2020.06.05.1123 and 2021.06.05.1191).en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/00219983241301751
dc.identifier.endpage906en_US
dc.identifier.issn0021-9983
dc.identifier.issn1530-793X
dc.identifier.issue7en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105002558458en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage885en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1177/00219983241301751
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/21782
dc.identifier.volume59en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001357927800001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSage Publications Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Composite Materialsen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectGrey relation analysisen_US
dc.subjecttaguchi methoden_US
dc.subjectfiber metal laminatesen_US
dc.subjectcarbon fiber-reinforced aluminium laminateen_US
dc.subjectlow-velocity impacten_US
dc.titleOptimization of low-velocity impact behavior of FML structures at different environmental temperatures using taguchi method and grey relational analysisen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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