Enhancing Smart Grid Reliability Through Data-Driven Optimisation and Cyber-Resilient EV Integration

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dc.contributor.authorCavus, Muhammed
dc.contributor.authorAyan, Huseyin
dc.contributor.authorSari, Mahmut
dc.contributor.authorAkbulut, Osman
dc.contributor.authorDissanayake, Dilum
dc.contributor.authorBell, Margaret
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:47:48Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:47:48Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThis study presents a novel cyber-resilient, data-driven optimisation framework for real-time energy management in electric vehicle (EV)-integrated smart grids. The proposed framework integrates a hybrid optimisation engine-combining genetic algorithms and reinforcement learning-with a real-time analytics module to enable adaptive scheduling under uncertainty. It accounts for dynamic electricity pricing, EV mobility patterns, and grid load fluctuations, dynamically reallocating charging demand in response to evolving grid conditions. Unlike existing GA/RL schedulers, this framework uniquely integrates adaptive optimisation with resilient forecasting under incomplete data and lightweight blockchain-inspired cyber-defence, thereby addressing efficiency, accuracy, and security simultaneously. To ensure secure and trustworthy EV-grid communication, a lightweight blockchain-inspired protocol is incorporated, supported by an intrusion detection system (IDS) for cyber-attack mitigation. Empirical evaluation using European smart grid datasets demonstrates a daily peak demand reduction of 9.6% (from 33 kWh to 29.8 kWh), with a 27% decrease in energy delivered at the original peak hour and a redistribution of demand that increases delivery at 19:00 h by nearly 25%. Station utilisation became more balanced, with weekly peak normalised utilisation falling from 1.0 to 0.7. The forecasting module achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.25 kWh and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) below 20% even with up to 25% missing data. Among tested models, CatBoost outperformed LightGBM and XGBoost with an RMSE of 0.853 kWh and R2 of 0.416. The IDS achieved 94.1% accuracy, an AUC of 0.97, and detected attacks within 50-300 ms, maintaining over 74% detection accuracy under 50% novel attack scenarios. The optimisation runtime remained below 0.4 s even at five times the nominal dataset scale. Additionally, the study outlines a conceptual extension to support location-based planning of charging infrastructure. This proposes the alignment of infrastructure roll-out with forecasted demand to enhance spatial deployment efficiency. While not implemented in the current framework, this forward-looking integration highlights opportunities for synchronising infrastructure development with dynamic usage patterns. Collectively, the findings confirm that the proposed approach is technically robust, operationally feasible, and adaptable to the evolving demands of intelligent EV-smart grid systems.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/en18174510
dc.identifier.issn1996-1073
dc.identifier.issue17en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105015470708en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/en18174510
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/21572
dc.identifier.volume18en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001569678700001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMdpien_US
dc.relation.ispartofEnergiesen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectelectric vehiclesen_US
dc.subjectsmart griden_US
dc.subjectenergy managementen_US
dc.subjectcyber-resilienceen_US
dc.subjectload forecastingen_US
dc.subjectoptimisationen_US
dc.subjectintrusion detection systemen_US
dc.subjectblockchain-inspired securityen_US
dc.titleEnhancing Smart Grid Reliability Through Data-Driven Optimisation and Cyber-Resilient EV Integrationen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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