Laboratory Tests in the Diagnosis of COVID-19
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Tarih
2020
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
The gold standard for routine microbiological diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is quantitation of viral RNA in respiratory specimens by reverse-transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Detecting severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific IgM and IgG antibodies in patient sera are additionaldiagnostic tests. It has been known that virus release begins a few days before clinical signsappear, and therefore, beginning from 2-3 days before the manifestation of clinical symptoms,virus RNA can be detected in the respiratory tract during the symptomatic period of the disease.Since the viral load is higher in lower respiratory tract samples such as bronchoalveolar lavageand tracheal aspirate, PCR positivity rate might be found higher compared to nasopharyngealsamples. Confirmatory PCR tests require specific equipment and trained personnel, and theyare also time-consuming and costly. Antibody assays are simple, faster tests, do not requiremuch equipment and applicable in any laboratory. They can even be performed with 2-3 dropsof blood collected from the finger tip of patients using relatively inexpensive chromatographicrapid tests. These tests can be used in the later period of the disease since specific antibodiesappear on the 7-10th day of clinical signs in patients with COVID-19. Rapid antibody card testshave an average specificity and sensitivity, while antibody tests using microELISA have highersensitivity and specificity.
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22
Sayı
S1
