A detailed investigation into the curing kinetics of zinc borate-epoxy composites

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dc.authoridYILDIRIM, CENNET/0000-0003-0042-5044;
dc.contributor.authorKabakci, Gulden
dc.contributor.authorCaner, Sumeyye
dc.contributor.authorYildirim, Cennet
dc.contributor.authorSakalli, Berdan
dc.contributor.authorYakisik, Zeliha Bengisu
dc.contributor.authorBabur, Esra
dc.contributor.authorTezel, Guler Bengusu
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:48:26Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:48:26Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractEpoxy resins (E) are widely used in composite applications due to their superior properties such as lightweight, manufacturing flexibility, and compatibility with numerous reinforcement elements. To enhance these properties and mitigate drawbacks like low toughness, curing agents that improve chain linkages and nanofillers are employed. Nano-sized zinc borates (ZB), commercially available materials, are frequently studied for improving the thermal stability, mechanical strength, and fire resistance of polymeric structures. ZB, with the formula 2ZnO.3B2O3.3.5H2O, is a white crystalline nanomaterial that possesses low toxicity, anti-corrosive properties, low density, and compatibility with various polymers. Although many studies focus on improving the thermal stability and mechanical properties of ZB-epoxy composites (ZB-E), research on curing processes remains limited. However, selecting parameters like temperature and curing duration under system transformations is crucial for composite production. Curing kinetic parameters are essential for accurately analyzing these processes. This study evaluates the curing process of epoxy systems containing different mass fractions of ZB (2-4-6-8-10 %) through dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests. DSC analyses were conducted at various heating rates (3-6-9 degrees C/min) with a final curing temperature of 120 degrees C. The obtained data were analyzed using different phenomenological kinetic equation models (Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Boswell, and Moynihan) in Matlab-R2019b, and the curing kinetic parameters were calculated. At the same time, the reaction order was calculated using the Crane method. In the final stage, Arrhenius equations were applied to determine the activation energies of the systems. This study assesses the influence of ZB addition on epoxy curing kinetics and the activation energies of ZB-E structures. The activation energy (Ea) values calculated from different models (Kissinger, FWO, Moynihan, and Boswell) show some variation, but the overall trend is consistent: as the ZB content increases, the activation energy generally decreases. The Ea value calculated using the Kissinger, FWO, Moynihan, and Boswell methods decreases by approximately 35.48 %, 33.27 %, 33.27 %, and 34.63 % respectively, when the ZB content increases from 0 % to 10 %. It also provides a new perspective for pre-production optimization and characterization of composite curing systems, aiming to reduce manufacturing costs and production times.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipTurkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency-Boron Research Instituteen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency-Boron Research Institute. We would also like to express their gratitude to the staff and facilities of Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency-Boron Research Institute and Duezce University for their invaluable assistance with the characterization studies.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107926
dc.identifier.issn1293-2558
dc.identifier.issn1873-3085
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105003948379en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107926
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/21926
dc.identifier.volume165en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001485908600001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.ispartofSolid State Sciencesen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectEpoxyen_US
dc.subjectZinc borateen_US
dc.subjectComposite materialen_US
dc.subjectNanofilleren_US
dc.subjectCuring kineticsen_US
dc.subjectDSCen_US
dc.titleA detailed investigation into the curing kinetics of zinc borate-epoxy compositesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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