Yapı bilgi modellemesinin (YBM) inşaat yönetimi açısından değerlendirilmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Yapı sektörü; malzeme, ürün sağlayıcı, milyonlarca müşteri, hizmet sağlayıcı, son kullanıcı gibi bölünmüş birçok paydaşa sahiptir. Eksiklik ve hataların yapı maliyetine etkisinin ilave %25-30 oranında olduğu bilinmektedir. Dolayısıyla yapım işleri yatırımcı açısından değerlendirildiğinde, yapılan işten kâr etmek ve yapının amortisman süresinin kısa olması birinci öncelik haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Amortisman süresinin kısa olması da projelerin tutarlı çizilmesi, yapının zamanında bitmesi, iş kazası olmaması, malzeme siparişlerinin zamanında ve doğru miktarda verilmesi, imalatların hatasız yapılması, imalatlarda geri dönüş olmaması ve projesine uygun yapılar üretilmesi gibi temel etkenlere bağlıdır. Bu durumlar da mimar ve mühendisleri daha yenilikçi yöntemler ve teknolojiler geliştirmeye zorlamıştır. Gelinen son noktada Building Information Modeling (BIM) – Yapı Bilgi Modelleme (YBM) kavramı ön plana çıkmıştır. YBM, bir yapının tasarımdan, ömrünü tamamlayıp ortadan kaldırılmasına kadar olan tüm süreçleri içinde barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yapım işlerinde ihaleden kesin kabule kadar olan süreçte inşaat yönetiminde YBM kullanılmamasının etkileri ele alınmıştır. Ana inceleme konusu olarak YBM kullanımının yapılarda zaman ve maliyete olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada saha verileri derlenerek elde edilen bulgular ışığında sayısal rakamlara ulaşılarak sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Altı saha çalışması örnek olarak incelenmiş olup her örnek için işin başından sonuna kadar elde olan somut veriler ışığında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Bulgulara göre en çok hata yapılan alanlar, ihale dosyalarındaki metraj hataları, kübaj ve hafriyat hesabı hataları, malzeme siparişinde cins ve miktar hataları, mesleki disiplinler arası imalat çakışmaları hataları ve son olarak da hakedişlerde yapılan hatalar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu alanlarda yapılabilecek olan YBM tabanlı iyileştirmeler, zaman olarak %7-15 arası, maliyet olarak %2-20 arası tasarruf sağlama imkânı ortaya çıkartılmıştır. YBM'le inşaatlarda oluşabilecek hatalar baştan tespit edilerek, kamu ve özel sektörde idare, yüklenici, işveren gibi farklı görevler üstlenen paydaşlara yarar sağlaması, hedeflenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Çakışma analizi, Dijital dönüşüm, İnşaat yönetimi, Metraj, YBM
Building sector has many divided stakeholders such as materials, product providers, millions of customers, service providers, end users. It is known that the effect of deficiencies and errors on the construction cost is an additional 25-30%. Therefore, when the construction works are evaluated from the point of view of the investor, making a profit from the work done and the short depreciation period of the structure have become the first priority. The short period of redemption also depends on the main factors such as the consistent drawing of the projects, the completion of the building on time, the absence of work accidents, the timely and correct amount of material orders, the error-free production, the absence of returns in the productions, and the production of structures suitable for the project. These situations have forced architects and engineers to develop more innovative methods and technologies. At the last point, the concept of Building Information Modeling (BIM) has come to the forefront. BIM includes all the processes from the design of a building to the completion of its life and disposal. In this study, the effects of not using BIM in construction management from tender to final acceptance in construction works are discussed. As the main subject of study, the effect of using BIM on time and cost in buildings has been examined. In the study, the results were obtained by compiling the field data and reaching the numerical figures in the light of the findings. Six field studies were examined as examples and for each example, evaluations were made in the light of the concrete data obtained from the beginning to the end of the work. According to the findings, the areas where the most mistakes are made appear as the quantity errors in the tender files, the cubage and excavation calculation errors, the type and quantity errors in the material order, the errors in production conflicts between professional disciplines and the errors made in the progress payments. BIM-based improvements that can be made in these areas have provided the opportunity to save between 7-15% in time and between 2-20% in cost. It is aimed to provide benefits to stakeholders who undertake different tasks such as administration, contractor and employer in the public and private sectors by identifying the errors that may occur in construction from the beginning with BIM. Keywords: Building Information Modelling (BIM), Collision analysis Construction management, Quantity
Building sector has many divided stakeholders such as materials, product providers, millions of customers, service providers, end users. It is known that the effect of deficiencies and errors on the construction cost is an additional 25-30%. Therefore, when the construction works are evaluated from the point of view of the investor, making a profit from the work done and the short depreciation period of the structure have become the first priority. The short period of redemption also depends on the main factors such as the consistent drawing of the projects, the completion of the building on time, the absence of work accidents, the timely and correct amount of material orders, the error-free production, the absence of returns in the productions, and the production of structures suitable for the project. These situations have forced architects and engineers to develop more innovative methods and technologies. At the last point, the concept of Building Information Modeling (BIM) has come to the forefront. BIM includes all the processes from the design of a building to the completion of its life and disposal. In this study, the effects of not using BIM in construction management from tender to final acceptance in construction works are discussed. As the main subject of study, the effect of using BIM on time and cost in buildings has been examined. In the study, the results were obtained by compiling the field data and reaching the numerical figures in the light of the findings. Six field studies were examined as examples and for each example, evaluations were made in the light of the concrete data obtained from the beginning to the end of the work. According to the findings, the areas where the most mistakes are made appear as the quantity errors in the tender files, the cubage and excavation calculation errors, the type and quantity errors in the material order, the errors in production conflicts between professional disciplines and the errors made in the progress payments. BIM-based improvements that can be made in these areas have provided the opportunity to save between 7-15% in time and between 2-20% in cost. It is aimed to provide benefits to stakeholders who undertake different tasks such as administration, contractor and employer in the public and private sectors by identifying the errors that may occur in construction from the beginning with BIM. Keywords: Building Information Modelling (BIM), Collision analysis Construction management, Quantity
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çakışma analizi, Dijital dönüşüm, İnşaat yönetimi, Metraj, YBM, Building Information Modelling (BIM), Collision analysis Construction management, Quantity, Mimarlık, Architecture
