Eco-friendly particleboards with low formaldehyde emission and enhanced mechanical properties produced with foamed urea-formaldehyde resins

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dc.authoridkelleci, orhan/0000-0003-4501-0854
dc.authoridKOKSAL, SUHEYLA ESIN/0000-0001-7970-8412
dc.authoridAydemir, Deniz/0000-0002-7484-2126
dc.contributor.authorKelleci, Orhan
dc.contributor.authorKöksal, Süheyla Esin
dc.contributor.authorAydemir, Deniz
dc.contributor.authorSancar, Semih
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-26T11:54:38Z
dc.date.available2023-07-26T11:54:38Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentDÜ, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Endüstrisi Mühendisliği Bölümüen_US
dc.description.abstractUrea formaldehyde (UF) is the most widely used thermoset glue in the wood composite board industry. UF has formaldehyde emission, which is harmful to the environment and human health. In this study, it was aimed to ensure more efficient use of glue by foaming UF, as well as to reduce the amount of formaldehyde emission and thus to realize a cleaner production. In the UF resin foaming process, egg white (EW) and blood flour (BF) were used as foaming agents, which increased the resin volume by 4-7 times. Ammonium sulfate (AS) was used as a hardener for the UF. The UF resin and AS solid concentrations were 65% and 30%, respectively. The resins used in the production were prepared by blending UF, AS, and blowing agents using a mixer at 1000 rpm. The resin was then sprayed onto the surface of the wood chips via an air gun under 5 bar pressure. The PBs were produced as a monolayer from only a core layer (CL) of wood chips. The obtained PBs were characterized by their physical and mechanical properties and formaldehyde emissions. The morphological characterization of the foamed resins was also examined. The results showed that the foaming process had improved the mechanical properties of the PBs by about 30%; however, no significant differences were found in the physical properties of the PBs. Morphological characterization showed that the UF foaming with blow agents had proved to be successful and the resin volume had been increased 4-7 times by the foaming. Formaldehyde emissions were found to be lower (2.5-5.1 mg/100 g) than for the un-foamed resins (3.95-7.31 mg/100 g). It was concluded that PBs with good mechanical properties and low formaldehyde emission can be manufactured by using 30% less UF resin.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134785
dc.identifier.issn0959-6526
dc.identifier.issn1879-1786
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85140453420en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134785
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/12884
dc.identifier.volume379en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000878657300006en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.institutionauthorSancar, Semih
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Sci Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Cleaner Productionen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.snmz$2023V1Guncelleme$en_US
dc.subjectEco-Friendly Particleboards; Formaldehyde Emissions; Foamed Urea Formaldehyde; Wood Based Panelsen_US
dc.subjectMicrofibrillated Cellulose; Foaming Agenten_US
dc.titleEco-friendly particleboards with low formaldehyde emission and enhanced mechanical properties produced with foamed urea-formaldehyde resinsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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