Kentsel Planlamadaki Değişim ve Dönüşümün Kent Formunun Gelişimine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Düzce Örneği
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2020
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Kentler ve kent makroformları dönemsel değişken dinamiklerden etkilenen, form arayış sürecinde, sürekli birdeğişim içinde olan ve bu değişim sonucunda da kendini sürekli yenileyen ve geliştiren canlı organizmalardır.Bu bağlamda kent formları, dış sınır çizgileri ile kentlerin kültürel, ekonomik ve sosyolojik yapıları hakkındabilgi vermektedirler. Ayrıca kent makroformları kentlerin okuma ve incelenmesinde planlayıcı ve tasarımcılarayardımcı olan bir kavram olarak da karşımıza çıkmaktadırlar. Kentler çevresel (iklim, coğrafya, topoğrafya),fiziksel (kent planlamaları, yapı adası düzenlemeleri, yapılaşma düzeni) ve sosyo-ekonomik (nüfus, kültür,yönetim biçimi) faktörlerin etkisinde kent mekânlarına ve dinamiklerine bağlı olarak çeşitli formlarda gelişmegöstererek büyümektedirler. Bu doğal dinamiklere ek olarak kentlerin gelişimini etkileyen diğer bir etken isedeprem, sel, heyelan, kasırga ve tsunami gibi doğal afetlerdir. Kentin gelişimini etkileyen bir doğal afet olarakdepremler, kentlerin sadece fiziksel görünümünü etkilemekle kalmayıp aynı zamanda o kentte yaşayan insanlarınpsikososyal yapılarını, kültürlerini, ekonomik durumlarını ve yasayış biçimlerini de etkilemektedirler. Çalışmadahem stratejik bir konumda olması hem de 1999 yılında geçirmiş olduğu depremler nedeniyle, Düzce kentmakroformunun tarihsel gelişimi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada kentsel değişim ve dönüşüm bağlamında kentmakroformunun gelişimi kent planlamalarının tarihsel süreci içerisinde ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Düzce kentmakroformu; kentsel gelişimde ve kent formunun şekillenmesinde etkili olan ve belediyenin ilk imar planı olarakbilinen 1987 planı, deprem sonrası durumun analiz edilmesine olanak tanıyan 2001 yılına ait plan ve şu an halenkullanılmakta olan 2016 yıllına ait imar planları üzerinden üç dönem şeklinde irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanınmateryalleri imar durumları, haritalar ve uydu görüntülerinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada kent makroformunungeçirdiği değişim ve dönüşüm süreçlerinin bu materyaller üzerinden incelenmesi ise çalışmanın yönteminioluşturmaktadır. Kentin süreçlere bağlı olarak oluşan özgün kent formunun ve sürekli değişen kentmakroformunun nasıl oluştuğu ve bununla beraber kent formunda her dönemde farklılık gösteren değişimdinamikleri kentsel planlamalar üzerinden ele alınarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; deprem öncesi,deprem sonrası ve mevut duruma ait üç farklı dönemin imar planları incelenmiş ve kent formunun organikdokusunun ve karakterinin planlamanın etkisiyle beraber ortaya çıkan tek tipleşme sorunsalı ve buna ek olarakplanlamanın faydaları ortaya konulmuştur.
Cities and urban macroforms are affected by the changing dynamics of period, constantly searching for forms and as a result of this change, they are living organisms that constantly renew and develop themselves. In this context, the city forms provide information about the outer boundary lines and the cultural, economic and sociological structures of the cities. In addition, city macroforms appear as a concept that helps planners and designers in reading and analyzing cities. Cities are growing in various forms showing improvements the depending on urban spaces and dynamics under the influence of environmental (climate, geography, topography), physical (urban planning, building arrangements, structuring order) and socio-economic (population, culture, management style) factors. In addition to these natural dynamics, another factor affecting the development of cities is natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, hurricanes and tsunamis. As a natural disaster affecting the development of the city, Earthquakes not only affect the physical appearance of cities, but also affect the psychosocial structure, culture, economic status and lifestyles of people living in that city. In this study, both in terms of its strategic location and the earthquakes it suffered in 1999, the historical development of the Düzce urban macraform was examined. In this research, the development of urban macroform in the context of urban change and transformation has been examined within the historical process of urban planning. Düzce urban macroform has been examined in three periods based on the 1987 plan, which is known as the first development plans of the municipality, which is effective in urban development and shaping of the urban form, the 2001 plan, which allows analysis of the post-earthquake situation and development plans of 2016 which are currently in use. Materials of the study consist, development plans, maps and aerial photographs. In this research, the change and transformation processes of the city macroform through these materials constitute the method of the study. How the city's original city form and the ever-changing city macroform formed as a result of the processes, as well as the dynamics of change that differ in the city form in each period were determined through urban planning. In the results of working; the zoning plans of the three different periods before the earthquake, after the earthquake and the current situation were examined and the uniformization problem that emerged with the effect of the organic texture and character of the city form and the benefits of planning were also revealed.
Cities and urban macroforms are affected by the changing dynamics of period, constantly searching for forms and as a result of this change, they are living organisms that constantly renew and develop themselves. In this context, the city forms provide information about the outer boundary lines and the cultural, economic and sociological structures of the cities. In addition, city macroforms appear as a concept that helps planners and designers in reading and analyzing cities. Cities are growing in various forms showing improvements the depending on urban spaces and dynamics under the influence of environmental (climate, geography, topography), physical (urban planning, building arrangements, structuring order) and socio-economic (population, culture, management style) factors. In addition to these natural dynamics, another factor affecting the development of cities is natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, hurricanes and tsunamis. As a natural disaster affecting the development of the city, Earthquakes not only affect the physical appearance of cities, but also affect the psychosocial structure, culture, economic status and lifestyles of people living in that city. In this study, both in terms of its strategic location and the earthquakes it suffered in 1999, the historical development of the Düzce urban macraform was examined. In this research, the development of urban macroform in the context of urban change and transformation has been examined within the historical process of urban planning. Düzce urban macroform has been examined in three periods based on the 1987 plan, which is known as the first development plans of the municipality, which is effective in urban development and shaping of the urban form, the 2001 plan, which allows analysis of the post-earthquake situation and development plans of 2016 which are currently in use. Materials of the study consist, development plans, maps and aerial photographs. In this research, the change and transformation processes of the city macroform through these materials constitute the method of the study. How the city's original city form and the ever-changing city macroform formed as a result of the processes, as well as the dynamics of change that differ in the city form in each period were determined through urban planning. In the results of working; the zoning plans of the three different periods before the earthquake, after the earthquake and the current situation were examined and the uniformization problem that emerged with the effect of the organic texture and character of the city form and the benefits of planning were also revealed.
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Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi
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8
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3
