Development of Sol-Gel Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticle-Incorporated Polymer-Based X-Ray Detectors: A Comparative Investigation of Device Architectures

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dc.authoridARIF, KOSEMEN/0000-0001-8139-343X
dc.authoridSELCUK, NEVIN NUR/0009-0004-6028-0726
dc.contributor.authorSelcuk, Nevin Nur
dc.contributor.authorOzturk, Sadullah
dc.contributor.authorKalkan, Yalcin
dc.contributor.authorDemir, Ahmet
dc.contributor.authorGegin, Keziban
dc.contributor.authorKosemen, Arif
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:48:25Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:48:25Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThe extensive use of X-rays in medical, security, and industrial applications has led to considerable interest in the development of advanced X-ray detection technologies. Conventional detectors based on inorganic semiconductors, such as silicon or germanium, face challenges, including high production costs and limited flexibility. This study investigates the potential of organic semiconductors, particularly ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) incorporated into a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) matrix, for X-ray detection. The ZnO NPs, selected for their high mobility, large band gap, and thermal stability, were synthesized via a sol-gel method and integrated into P3HT to form composite layers at varying ratios (1:0.25, 1:0.5, and 1:0.75). Two different device architectures were fabricated: interdigitated (IDT) electrodes as resistive-based and diode-based devices with ITO/ZnO/P3HT/Graphite configurations. The influence of the ZnO NP concentration and device structure on X-ray detection performance was systematically investigated and evaluated. The results indicated that increasing the ZnO NP content enhanced electron transportation and improved the X-ray sensitivity of the devices. The ITO/ZnO/P3HT/Graphite device with a P3HT ratio of 1:0.75 exhibited the highest sensitivity (0.94 mu Gy/s) and the fastest response times, outperforming those of the IDT-based devices. This study demonstrates that organic semiconductors doped with ZnO NPs are promising candidates for cost-effective, flexible, and high-performance X-ray detectors.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipT?rkiye Enerji, N?kleer ve Maden Arastirma Kurumu [123F131, 1649B022315061]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipTurkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency [A5.H1.F5-27]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was supported by TUBITAK, project number: 123F131. TUBITAK provided master's scholarship, application number 1649B022315061, and support was also provided by the Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency, project number:2020TENMAK(CERN)A5.H1.F5-27.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acsaelm.4c01636
dc.identifier.endpage1735en_US
dc.identifier.issn2637-6113
dc.identifier.issue5en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-86000431455en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage1723en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c01636
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/21916
dc.identifier.volume7en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001427946600001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAmer Chemical Socen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAcs Applied Electronic Materialsen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectX-ray detectionen_US
dc.subjectorganic X-ray detectoren_US
dc.subjectZnONanoparticlesen_US
dc.subjectorganic semiconductoren_US
dc.subjectP3HT:ZnOen_US
dc.titleDevelopment of Sol-Gel Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticle-Incorporated Polymer-Based X-Ray Detectors: A Comparative Investigation of Device Architecturesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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