Nano-reinforced adhesives: Effects of graphene, silica, and cellulose on mechanical properties of laminated wood materials

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dc.authoridKORKMAZ, Mustafa/0000-0001-5595-2154;
dc.contributor.authorPelit, Huseyin
dc.contributor.authorKorkmaz, Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorDavaz, Esra
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:48:33Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:48:33Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThis study investigated the effects of graphene, silica, and cellulose nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of laminated wood specimens using polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), urea-formaldehyde (UF), and epoxy (EPX) adhesives. Poplar (Populus nigra) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) veneers (4 mm thick) were bonded using adhesives enhanced with varying concentrations of nanoparticles: graphene (0.25 % and 0.50 %), silica (1 % and 2 %), and cellulose (1 % and 2 %). The laminated wood specimens were tested for modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), compressive strength (CS) and bonding strength (BS). The results showed that the EPX yielded the highest mechanical strength, followed by UF, while PVAc exhibited the lowest. The addition of all nanoparticles improved performance compared to the base adhesives. Graphene additions significantly improved MOE, MOR, and CS, while cellulose and silica primarily enhanced BS strength. Generally, increasing nanoparticle concentration enhanced mechanical properties, with the exception of BS, which decreased with higher silica concentration. These results demonstrate the potential for tailoring laminated wood properties by selecting specific nanoparticle types and concentrations, offering opportunities for optimized and potentially more sustainable material utilization across diverse applications, from furniture to structural components.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipDuzce University Scientific Research Projects Funden_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was supported by Duzce University Scientific Research Projects Fund (Project No: BAP-2021.07.01.1149) . The authors would like to thank the Duzce University Scientific Research Projects Fund.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104044
dc.identifier.issn0143-7496
dc.identifier.issn1879-0127
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105003966060en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104044
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/21975
dc.identifier.volume140en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001493963200001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Sci Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Adhesionand Adhesivesen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectGrapheneen_US
dc.subjectLaminationen_US
dc.subjectMechanical propertiesen_US
dc.subjectNanocelluloseen_US
dc.subjectNanoparticlesen_US
dc.subjectSilicaen_US
dc.subjectWood adhesivesen_US
dc.titleNano-reinforced adhesives: Effects of graphene, silica, and cellulose on mechanical properties of laminated wood materialsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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