Antagonists and defense mechanisms of entomopathogenic nematodes and their mutualistic bacteria

dc.authoridTOURAY, Mustapha/0000-0002-9550-0782
dc.authoridArun, A./0000-0002-2804-9450
dc.authoridCakmak, Ibrahim/0000-0003-1903-3913
dc.authoridCimen, Harun/0000-0002-0106-4183
dc.authoridHazir, Selcuk/0000-0001-9298-1472
dc.authorwosidTOURAY, Mustapha/AAP-3193-2020
dc.authorwosidArun, A./F-8986-2019
dc.contributor.authorRaja, Ramalingam Karthik
dc.contributor.authorArun, Alagarsamy
dc.contributor.authorTouray, Mustapha
dc.contributor.authorGulsen, Sebnem Hazal
dc.contributor.authorCimen, Harun
dc.contributor.authorGulcu, Baris
dc.contributor.authorHazir, Selcuk
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-01T18:50:53Z
dc.date.available2021-12-01T18:50:53Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.department[Belirlenecek]en_US
dc.description.abstractEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are effective biocontrol agents against a number of important soil insect pests and are safe to vertebrates, plants and other non-target organisms with no negative effects on the environment. They are associated with mutualistic bacteria in the genus Xenorhabdus for Steinernematidae and Photorhabdus for Heterorhabditidae and are often referred to as the nematode/bacterium complex. The natural habitat of EPNs is the soil where the third-stage infective juveniles (IJs), the only free-living stage, can infect an array of insect hosts. However, the survival of the IJs is affected by various abiotic (i.e., temperature, moisture, soil texture, soil salinity, UV light, oxygen, and pH) and biotic (i.e., natural enemies, omnivores, scavengers, competitors, and plants) factors in the soil. In this review, we summarize the impact of the biotic factors, especially natural enemies, omnivores, scavengers, and competitors against EPNs and conclude that the major predators of the IJs appear to be nematophagous fungi, mites, and collembolans. Omnivores and scavengers, particularly, mites, collembolans, ants and birds, feeding on EPNkilled insects appear to be the major mortality factors on the developing nematodes especially of insects that are 2 days or less post infection. In addition, we discuss the defense mechanisms of EPN IJs against nematophagous fungi, and the protection of the nematode-killed insects by production of the scavenger deterrent factor produced by the mutualistic bacteria against omnivores and scavengers. By understanding the interactions between EPNs and their antagonists we can improve and increase the successful use of EPNs in biological control programs.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipAydin Adnan Menderes University Research Fund, Turkey [FEF-14006]; Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [116Z074]; RUSA -Phase 2.0 grant [Policy (TN Multi-Gen), Dept. of Edn. Govt. of India] [F.24-51/2014-U]; University Science Instrumentation Centre (USIC), Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, Indiaen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe study was supported by Aydin Adnan Menderes University Research Fund, Turkey (Project number: FEF-14006); Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-Project Number: 116Z074); RUSA -Phase 2.0 grant [Letter No. F.24-51/2014-U, Policy (TN Multi-Gen), Dept. of Edn. Govt. of India, Dt. 09.10.2018] and University Science Instrumentation Centre (USIC), Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104452
dc.identifier.issn1049-9644
dc.identifier.issn1090-2112
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85092116227en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104452
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/10939
dc.identifier.volume152en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000597333300003en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAcademic Press Inc Elsevier Scienceen_US
dc.relation.ispartofBiological Controlen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectBiological controlen_US
dc.subjectEntomopathogenic nematodesen_US
dc.subjectNatural enemiesen_US
dc.subjectEntomopathogensen_US
dc.subjectPredatorsen_US
dc.subjectScavengersen_US
dc.subjectPolyphyllae Acari Acaridaeen_US
dc.subjectEntomogenous Nematodesen_US
dc.subjectNematophagous Fungien_US
dc.subjectPhotorhabdus-Luminescensen_US
dc.subjectSteinernema-Carpocapsaeen_US
dc.subjectInsecticidal Activityen_US
dc.subjectBeauveria-Bassianaen_US
dc.subjectSymbiotic Bacteriaen_US
dc.subjectBiological-Controlen_US
dc.subjectNatural Enemiesen_US
dc.titleAntagonists and defense mechanisms of entomopathogenic nematodes and their mutualistic bacteriaen_US
dc.typeReview Articleen_US

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