Meşe-Gürgen Karışık Meşcerelerinde Gençleştirme Çalışmalarının ve Gençliklerin Büyüme Performanslarının Değerlendirilmesi
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2019
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Dünyada ve ülkemizde yapraklı orman ağaç türlerinin önemi giderek artmaktadır. Türkiye tür zenginliği vekapladığı alan bakımından dünyanın sayılı meşe diyarlarından biridir. Trakya’nın meşe ormanlarından birbölümünü Belgrad ormanı oluşturmaktadır. Belgrad ormanında meşe türü ile doğu kayını, gürgen ve diğeryapraklılar karışıma girmektedir. Bu çalışmada Kurtkemeri Orman İşletme şefliği (İstanbul-Belgrad) sınırlarıiçerisindeki Sapsız meşe (Quercus petraea) - Gürgen (Carpinus betulus) karışık meşcerelerinde doğalgençleştirmenin başarısı ve gençliklerde büyüme performanslarının silvikültürel açıdan değerlendirilmesiamaçlanmıştır. Araştırma konusu meşe ve gürgen karışık meşceresi 2012 yılında büyük alan siper işletmesiylegençleştirilmiştir. Gençleştirme alanında 2017 sonbaharında 50 m arayla sistematik olarak 20x20 m ebatlarında30 adet örnek alan alınmıştır. Örnek alanlar içerisindeki siper ağaçlarının çapları ve boyları ölçülmüş, ayrıcaağaçların gençliği örtme derecesi belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, örnek alanlar içerisinde iki adet alt örnekleme yapılmışve buralarda gençlik sayımı, kök boğazı çapı ve boy ölçümleri ile kök boğazı çapı yüzey alanı ve hacimhesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Sahada gençlik sayısı 0.4-22 adet m-2arasında değişmekte, gençliğin %72’si sapsızmeşe, kalanı ise gürgendir. Gençliklerin kök boğazı çapı ve boyu meşede sırasıyla, 4.0±0.8mm ve 29.6±12.7;gürgende 9.0±3.0 mm ve 62.2±20.9 cm olarak ölçülmüştür. Varyans analizine göre; gürgen gençliği meşegençliğinin 2 katından daha fazla kök boğazı çapı ve boyuna sahiptir. Ayrıca gürgen gençliklerinin ortalama kökboğazı yüzey alanı ve gövde hacmi meşe gençliklerinden sırasıyla 5 ve 9 kat daha yüksektir. Sonuç olarak,sahada doğal gençleştirmenin başarılı olduğu ve yeterli sayıda gençliğin elde edildiği söylenebilir. Ancakgürgenin meşeye göre daha hızlı geliştiği ve meşeyi boğma tehlikesi göz önüne alındığında, sapsız meşe-gürgenkarışık meşceresinde meşeye çap-boy üstünlüğü verilmesi önerilmektedir.
The importance of broadleaved tree species is increasing worldwide as well as in Turkey. Turkey is one of the premier lands in the world for oak (Quercus sp.) in terms of richness of species and coverage. There are important oak stands in the forest of Belgrade located on the Thrace peninsula, where eastern beech, hornbeam and other broadleaved trees intermingle with the oak species, especially sessile oak (Quercus petraea). This study aimed to evaluate the success of natural rejuvenation and the performance of seedling growth in mixed sessile oak-hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) stands within the boundaries of the Kurtkemeri Forestry Directorate (Bahçeköy, İstanbul). In 2012, the site was regenerated using a uniform shelterwood system. In the field, 30 sample areas of 20 × 20 m were systematically selected and the tree height and diameter at breast height were measured in each area. In addition, two sub-samplings were determined within each sample area, and the number of seedlings in these sub-samplings along with their root-collar diameter and height were recorded. The rootcollar diameter surface area and volume of these seedlings were then calculated. In general, the number of seedlings in the study area ranged between 0.4 and 22 seedlings m-2. The seedlings were comprised of 72% sessile oak, and the rest hornbeam. The root-collar diameter and height of the sessile oak seedlings measured 4.0 ± 0.8 mm and 29.6 ± 12.7 cm, while the hornbeam seedlings were measured as 9.0 ± 3.0 mm and 62.2 ± 20.9 cm, respectively. According to analysis of variance, the root-collar diameter and height were more than two times greater for the hornbeam seedlings than for the oak seedlings. In addition, the average root-collar surface area and volume for the hornbeam seedlings were 5 and 9 times greater than for the oak seedlings. As a result, it can be said that natural regeneration was successful in the field and that it contained a sufficient number of seedlings. However, in order to maintain the oak in mixed forests where hornbeam seedlings grow faster than oak seedlings, it is recommended that the oak be regenerated before the hornbeam.
The importance of broadleaved tree species is increasing worldwide as well as in Turkey. Turkey is one of the premier lands in the world for oak (Quercus sp.) in terms of richness of species and coverage. There are important oak stands in the forest of Belgrade located on the Thrace peninsula, where eastern beech, hornbeam and other broadleaved trees intermingle with the oak species, especially sessile oak (Quercus petraea). This study aimed to evaluate the success of natural rejuvenation and the performance of seedling growth in mixed sessile oak-hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) stands within the boundaries of the Kurtkemeri Forestry Directorate (Bahçeköy, İstanbul). In 2012, the site was regenerated using a uniform shelterwood system. In the field, 30 sample areas of 20 × 20 m were systematically selected and the tree height and diameter at breast height were measured in each area. In addition, two sub-samplings were determined within each sample area, and the number of seedlings in these sub-samplings along with their root-collar diameter and height were recorded. The rootcollar diameter surface area and volume of these seedlings were then calculated. In general, the number of seedlings in the study area ranged between 0.4 and 22 seedlings m-2. The seedlings were comprised of 72% sessile oak, and the rest hornbeam. The root-collar diameter and height of the sessile oak seedlings measured 4.0 ± 0.8 mm and 29.6 ± 12.7 cm, while the hornbeam seedlings were measured as 9.0 ± 3.0 mm and 62.2 ± 20.9 cm, respectively. According to analysis of variance, the root-collar diameter and height were more than two times greater for the hornbeam seedlings than for the oak seedlings. In addition, the average root-collar surface area and volume for the hornbeam seedlings were 5 and 9 times greater than for the oak seedlings. As a result, it can be said that natural regeneration was successful in the field and that it contained a sufficient number of seedlings. However, in order to maintain the oak in mixed forests where hornbeam seedlings grow faster than oak seedlings, it is recommended that the oak be regenerated before the hornbeam.
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Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi
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7
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3
