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Estimation of fracture energy of high-strength steel fibre-reinforced concrete using rule-based Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system
(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2012) Köksal, Fuat; Şahin, Yuşa; Beycioğlu, Ahmet; Gencel, Osman; Brostow, Witold
In this study, we worked to estimate the fracture energy of steel fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) according to the water/cement ratio (w/c), tensile strength of steel fibre, steel fibre volume fraction and flexural strength of concrete sample as inputs using the Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system (FIS). In the study, the values obtained from the model and experimental divided three groups (each group has six experimental results) according to the w/c ratios to evaluate the fuzzy logic (FL) model approximate reasoning ability. As a result, the Mamdani-type FIS has shown a satisfying relation with the experimental results and suggests an alternative approach to evaluate the fracture energy estimation using related inputs.
Highly Active and Reusable Pd/AlO(OH) Nanoparticles for the Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction
(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2018) Göksu, Haydar; Zengin, Nursefa; Karaosman, Arife; Şen, Fatih
Background: Biphenyl derivatives are an important component of many natural products and used in the treatment of conditions such as anxiety disorders, infections, and insomnia. In addition, the synthesis of these molecules is very important due to their kinase inhibitory effect as well as their antibacterial and antifungal effects. In this study, highly efficient and reusable Pd/AlO(OH) Nanoparticles (NPs) were used as an alternative heterogeneous catalysts system for the coupling reactions. Methods: Pd/AlO(OH) Nanoparticles (NPs) was characterized by SEM, XRD and TEM. Later, Pd/AlO(OH) nanoparticles were performed for coupling reactions. At the end of the reaction, the main products were checked with GC and the GC yield calculated. The desired biaryl products were successfully obtained within 2 h with good yields in the presence of Pd/AlO(OH) nanoparticles. Results: The morphologies of the Pd/AlO(OH) NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The determination of the appropriate reaction conditions for the desired biaryl products is of crucial importance for successful synthesis. For this purpose, optimization of the conditions for conversion of iodobenzene to biphenyl. was carried out in detail. The reusability of the PdAlO(OH) NPs was also examined for Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction. On the other hand, the high temperature and type of catalyst are the factors that make it easier to reach the activation energy. For this reason, the comparison of the designed catalytic system with recently published works are given for Suzuki cross-coupling of bromobenzene with aryl boronic acid. Last but not least, the reaction mechanism of the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction has been entirely identified in the presence of PdAlO(OH) NPs. Conclusion: A novel method was developed for the synthesis of biphenyl derivatives in a short time with high yields by the help of Pd/AlO(OH) NPs at room temperature. As starting materials, neither phenylboronic acid, nor aryl halide derivatives are water soluble, so it was desirable to conduct the reactions in water/isopropyl alcohol as an eco-friendly solvent. Thus, the developed method is both ecofriendly and economical and can be considered as a viable alternative to prior methods appearing in the literature.
Highly Efficient and Monodisperse Graphene Oxide Furnished Ru/Pd Nanoparticles for the Dehalogenation of Aryl Halides via Ammonia Borane
(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2016) Göksu, Haydar; Yıldız, Yunus; Çelik, Betül; Yazıcı, Melike; Kılbaş, Benan; Şen, Fatih
Highly monodisperse graphene oxide-supported Ru/Pd nanoparticles (RuPd@GO NPs) have been reproducibly and easily synthesized by microwave assisted method. RuPd@GO NPs was performed for dehalogenation of arylhalides in the presence of ammonia borane in a mild condition as novel, highly efficient and exceptional reusable heterogeneous catalyst. The novel materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the high resolution electron micrograph (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the prepared catalysts are highly crystalline, monodisperse and colloidally stable. The current one-pot catalytic process was described as a new methodology for dehalogenation of arylhalides which can be assessed as a quite simple, eco-friendly and highly efficient as well as exceptional reusable. All products were provided with one of the highest yield and the shortest time in the presence of novel RuPd@GO NPs due to the the synergistic effect of Ru and Pd. Our synthesis process comes with a facile and eco-friendly option to RuPd@GO NPs, allowing further scrutiny of current catalysts for numerous other chemical reactions.
Fe@Ag nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide as ultrahigh capacity anode material for lithium-ion battery
(Springer Heidelberg, 2015) Atar, Necip; Eren, Tanju; Yola, Mehmet Lütfi; Gerengi, Hüsnü; Wang, Shaobin
In the present study, we report the synthesis of Fe@Ag nanoparticles/2-aminoethanethiol functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite (Fe@AuNPs-AETrGO) and its application as an improved anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The structure of the Fe@AgNPs-AETrGO composite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance was investigated at different charge/discharge current rates by using CR2032 coin-type cells and cyclic voltammetry (CV). It was found that the spherical Fe@AuNPs were highly dispersed on the rGO sheets. Moreover, the Fe@AuNPs-AETrGO composite showed high specific gravimetric capacity of about 1500 mAh g(-1) and long-term cycle stability.
Electrochemical investigations on the corrosion behaviour of reinforcing steel in diatomite- and zeolite-containing concrete exposed to sulphuric acid
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2013) Gerengi, Hüsnü; Koçak, Yılmaz; Jazdzewska, Agata; Kurtay, Mine; Durgun, Hatice
Corrosion is a major concern for most structural applications. Its detrimental effect significantly reduces the life of metallic components. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of corrosion in the steel reinforcement of concrete samples having three different substituents: 20% diatomite, 20% zeolite, and a reference without zeolite or diatomite. All concrete specimens were subjected to a solution of 0.5 M H2SO4 for 160 days, and every 15 days electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed. The results indicated that porosity plays a very important role in reinforcing concrete. The steel reinforcement in the zeolite was less corroded by the H2SO4 solution than the reference and the diatomite samples. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of elevated temperatures on mechanical properties of concrete containing haematite evaluated using fuzzy logic model
(Maney Publishing, 2013) Gençel, Osman; Brostow, Witold; del Coz Diaz, Juan Jose; Barrera, Gonzalo Martinez; Beycioğlu, Ahmet
Concretes containing different proportions of haematite (15, 30, 45 and 60%) were fabricated and subjected to elevated temperatures (25, 200, 400, 600 and 800 degrees C). The cement content and water/cement ratio were 450 kg m(-3) and 0.38 respectively. The compressive strength and elasticity modulus of concretes were determined according to ASTM C39 and ASTM C469. A rule based Mamdani type fuzzy logic model for predicting the compressive strengths and elasticity modules of concretes containing haematite has been developed. The inputs were haematite content (%), exposure time (h) and temperature T (degrees C); the outputs were compressive strength and compressive elasticity modulus. It is shown that all the results of the model for elasticity modulus and compressive strength were in good correlation with the experimental results for all data sets.
Eco-friendly hydrogenation of aromatic aldehyde compounds by tandem dehydrogenation of dimethylamine-borane in the presence of a reduced graphene oxide furnished platinum nanocatalyst
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2016) Göksu, Haydar; Yıldız, Yunus; Çelik, Betül; Yazıcı, Melike; Kılbaş, Benan; Şen, Fatih
In this study, highly monodisperse platinum nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide in the presence of tripentylamine (TPA) (Pt(0)/TPA@rGO NPs) are used as a stable, isolable, bottleable, long-lived, highly efficient and exceptionally reusable heterogeneous catalyst for eco-friendly hydrogenation of various aromatic aldehyde compounds with unprecendented catalytic performance. Pt(0)/TPA@rGO NPs have been used for the first time for these types of synthesis reactions and these NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Herein, the catalyst has been used for tandem dehydrogenation of dimethylamine-borane (DMAB) and hydrogenation of aromatic aldehyde compounds in aqueous methanol at room temperature in reaction times ranging from 1.0 to 25 min with yields reaching up to 95%. The presented catalytic methodology is highly efficient as well as having exceptional reusability performance. This process can be assessed as an eco-friendly method with both a reusable reduced GO-supported platinum nanocatalyst and a hydrogen source (DMAB).
Dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization studies to evaluate the inhibition effect of benzotriazole on copper-manganese-aluminium alloy in artificial seawater
(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2013) Gerengi, Hüsnü; Slepski, Pawel; Bereket, Gözen
The effect of benzotriazole (BTA) on the corrosion of a new type copper-manganese-aluminium (CMA) alloy in artificial seawater was investigated using dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS), linear polarization resistance, and Tafel extrapolation methods. Measurement results obtained from those three methods showed that corrosion rates decreased while BTA concentration increased. This clearly indicates that BTA inhibits the corrosion rate of CMA in artificial seawater. Although there are consistent results obtained from all these three methods, the results of the percent inhibition efficiency, IE (%), values obtained from DEIS method should be calculated from the charge transfer resistance (R-ct) values obtained after 5h.
Development of "Local Earthquake Score" (YDP) Method For Earthquake-Prone Settlements
(Gazi Univ, 2019) Tokgöz, Hanifi; Bayraktar, Hüseyin
In this study, a "Local Earthquake Score" (YDP) method was developed to be applied in settlements subject to earthquake hazard in our country. The local earthquake score determines the current situation in the settlement preparation stage. In addition to the technical data such as earthquake, geology and building inventory, the parameters of the method are created by bringing together the social data such as the awareness and applications of the institutions and organizations in preparation for earthquake and the level of prevention against earthquake hazard of the community. The determined parameters are evaluated at different point intervals and the "Local Earthquake Score" is calculated. According to the results of the Local Earthquake Score, there is a "Explanatory Level Explanation" interval against the earthquake hazard of the settlement. Preparatory level explanations provide steps to take in this direction by giving an idea of where the settlement may be in the depression preparation. In the study, a comparative application example is given using the data before and after the earthquake in the town of Kaynasli which shows the operation of the method.
DETERMINATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS OF AKCAKOCA COASTAL AREAS THROUGH HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS
(Scibulcom Ltd, 2016) Aydemir, Pınar Kırkık; Gökçe, Gümüş Funda; Demirel, Önder; Özbay, M.
The fact that urban development plans, which are the main tool of physical planning endeavors, consider coastal areas just as potential urban settlement zones can cause deterioration of the coastline and irreversible ecological damages. Therefore, redesigning efforts of the coastal areas started in the 1970s, and legal regulations were introduced regarding the coasts and utilisation of coastal areas. This approach aims at re-maintaining the harmony of coasts and cities, which has been lost due to unplanned utilisation. The purpose of this study is to determine the current status of utilisation in the coastal areas located in Akcakoca district, and evaluate the environmental effect of the coastal areas, which were deemed as 'area for public use' on Akcakoca district, accompanied with coastal definitions, legal and administrative approach to coasts and Environmental Consciousness movement of post 1970. In this perspective, the utilisation forms of coastal areas in Akcakoca-Duzce will be identified, and SWOT (Strengths Weeknesses Opportunities Threats) and ABP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) methods will be applied for the analysis of environmental status.
The Inhibition Effect of Mad Honey on Corrosion of 2007-Type Aluminium Alloy in 3.5% NaCl Solution
(Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Engenharia Materials, 2014) Gerengi, Hüsnü; Göksu, Haydar; Slepski, Pawel
The inhibition effect of mad honey on corrosion of 2007-type aluminium alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated by Tafel extrapolarisation (TP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS). All the studied parameters exhibited good anti-corrosive properties against corrosion of 2007-type aluminium alloy in the test solution; the corrosion rates decreased with the increase of the mad honey concentration. The surface morphology of the alloy was examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the absence and presence of the inhibitor. The inhibitory adsorption processes of mad honey on the 2007-type aluminium alloy surfaces conformed to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
The effect of zeolite and diatomite on the corrosion of reinforcement steel in 1 M HCl solution
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2015) Gerengi, Hüsnü; Kurtay, Mine; Durgun, Hatice
The greatest disadvantage of reinforced concrete structures is the corrosion occurring in the reinforcement which, over time, causes a reduction in the reinforcement-concrete adherence and eventual sectional loss. The purpose of this study was to reveal the corrosion mechanism of ribbed reinforcement inside additive-free (reference), 20% zeolite-doped and 20% diatomite-doped concrete samples after exposure to 1 M HCl over 240 days. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were made every 10 days. Consequently, it was determined that the 20% zeolite-doped concrete samples had higher concrete and reinforcement resistance compared to the 20% diatomite-doped and the reference concrete, i.e. they exhibited less corrosion. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Tandem Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane and Hydrogenation of Nitro/Nitrile Compounds Catalyzed by Graphene-Supported NiPd Alloy Nanoparticles
(Amer Chemical Soc, 2014) Göksu, Haydar; Ho, Sally Fae; Metin, Önder; Korkmaz, Katip; Garcia, Adriana Mendoza; Gültekin, Mehmet Serdar; Sun, Shouheng
We report a facile synthesis of monodisperse NiPd alloy nanoparticles (NPs) and their assembly on graphene (G) to catalyze the tandem dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) and hydrogenation of R-NO2 and/or R-CN to R-NH2 in aqueous methanol solutions at room temperature. The 3.4 nm NiPd alloy NPs were prepared by coreduction of nickel(II) acetate and palladium(H) acetlyacetonate by borane-tert-butylamine in oleylamine and deposition on G via a solution phase self-assembly process. G-NiPd showed composition-dependent catalysis on the tandem reaction with G-Ni30Pd70 being the most active. A variety of R-NO2 and/or R-CN derivatives were reduced selectively into R-NH2 via G-Ni30Pd70 catalyzed tandem reaction in 5-30 mm reaction time with the conversion yields reaching up to 100%. Our study demonstrates a new approach to G-NiPd-catalyzed dehydrogenation of AB and hydrogenation of R-NO2 and R-CN. The G-NiPd NP catalyst is efficient and reusable, and the reaction can be performed in an environment-friendly process with short reaction times and high yields.
Superior Monodisperse CNT-Supported CoPd (CoPd@CNT) Nanoparticles for Selective Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Primary Amines with NaBH4 in Aqueous Medium
(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2016) Göksu, Haydar; Çelik, Betül; Yıldız, Yunus; Şen, Fatih; Kılbaş, Benan
Superior carbon nanotube furnished CoPd (CoPd@CNT) nanoparticles (NPs) were reproducibly and easily produced by sonochemical double solvent reduction method in a mild condition and the size of the CoPd NPs was found as 3.63 nm. The prepared novel catalyst were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the high resolution electron micrograph (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The sum of their results showed the formation of highly crystalline, monodisperse and colloidally stable CoPd@CNT. The catalytic performance of these novel NPs were investigated for the first time for highly selective reduction to -NO2 unlike -CN groups, in which they were found to be exceptional reusable, isolable, stable and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst. All prepared products were obtained with perfect yield by using CoPd@CNT as a heterogeneous catalyst and NaBH4 as a hydrogen source. Our synthesis process provides a facile and eco-friendly route to CoPd@CNT, allowing further investigation of current catalysts for many other chemical reactions.
Some synthetic cyclitol derivatives alleviate the effect of water deficit in cultivated and wild-type chickpea species
(Elsevier Gmbh, 2014) Çevik, Sertan; Yıldızlı, Aytunç; Yandım, G.; Göksu, Haydar; Gültekin, M.S.; Değer, Ayşin Güzel; Unyayar, S.
Cyclitols were prepared from corresponding allylic hydroperoxides, synthesized by photooxygenation of the appropriate cyclic alkenes. These hydroperoxides were then separately treated with a catalytic amount of OsO4. Synthesized dl-cyclopentane-1,2,3-triol 9 (A), dl-cyclohexane-1,2,3-triol 12 (B), and dl-cycloheptane-1,2,3-triol 15 (C) were used in the investigation of plant stress. Antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and water status of chickpea species exposed to synthetic cyclitols under water deficit were examined. Cyclitol derivatives significantly decreased leaf water potential, lipid peroxidation and H2O2 levels of wild and cultivated species under water deficit. Cyclitol treatments affected antioxidant enzyme activities differently in both species under water deficit. The highest SOD activity was found in A10-treated Cicer arietinum (cultivar) and C10-treated Cicer reticulatum (wild type) under water deficit. CAT activity increased in C. arietinum exposed to A cyclitols, while it increased slightly and then decreased in cyclitol-treated C. reticulatum under stress conditions. AP and GR activities were significantly increased in C. arietinum under water deficit. AP activity increased in C derivatives-treated C. arietinum, while it remained unchanged in C. reticulatum on day 1 of water deficit. GR activity was increased in A derivaties-treated C. arietinum and C derivatives-treated C. reticulatum on day 1 of water deficit and decreased with severity of stress (except for B10-treated C. arietinum). The level of AsA in C treatments and GSH in A treatments increased in C. arietinum on day 1 of water deficit, while in C. reticulatum, AsA and GSH levels decreased under stress conditions. We conclude that exogenous synthetic cyclitol derivatives are biologically active and noncytotoxic, resulting in higher antioxidant activities and lower water potential, thus increasing the water deficit tolerance of chickpea under water deficit, especially of cultivated chickpea. We also propose that synthetic cyclitol derivatives can reduce reactive oxygen species and membrane damage and are beneficial for stress adaptation. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Schinopsis lorentzii Extract As a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Low Carbon Steel in 1 M HCl Solution
(Amer Chemical Soc, 2012) Gerengi, Hüsnü; Şahin, Halil İbrahim
The corrosion inhibition of low carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution with different concentrations of Schinopsis lorentzii extract was studied using Tafel extrapolation, linear polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that Schinopsis lorentzii extract acted as slightly cathodic inhibitor and inhibition efficiencies increased with the increase of extract concentration. The adsorption of the molecules of the extract on the low carbon steel surface was in accordance with the Temkin adsorption isotherm. The results showed that Schinopsis lorentzii extract could serve as a corrosion inhibitor of the low carbon steel in hydrochloric acid environment.
Removal of suspended solids and turbidity from marble processing wastewaters by electrocoagulation: Comparison of electrode materials and electrode connection systems
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2009) Solak, Murat; Kılıç, Mehmet; Yazıcı, Hüseyin; Şencan, Aziz
In this study, removal of suspended solids (SS) and turbidity from marble processing wastewaters by electrocoagulation (EC) process were investigated by using aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) electrodes which were run in serial and parallel connection systems. To remove these pollutants from the marble processing wastewater, an EC reactor including monopolar electrodes (Al/Fe) in parallel and serial connection system, was utilized. Optimization of differential operation parameters such as pH, current density, and electrolysis time on SS and turbidity removal were determined in this way. EC process with monopolar AI electrodes in parallel and serial connections carried out at the optimum conditions where the pH value was 9, current density was approximately 15 A/m(2), and electrolysis time was 2 min resulted in 100% SS removal. Removal efficiencies of EC process for SS with monopolar Fe electrodes in parallel and serial connection were found to be 99.86% and 99.94%, respectively. Optimum parameters for monopolar Fe electrodes in both of the connection types were found to be for pH value as 8, for electrolysis time as 2 min. The optimum current density value for Fe electrodes used in serial and parallel connections was also obtained at 10 and 20 A/m(2), respectively. Based on the results obtained, it was found that EC process running with each type of the electrodes and the connections was highly effective for the removal of SS and turbidity from marble processing wastewaters, and that operating costs with monopolar Al electrodes in parallel connection were the cheapest than that of the serial connection and all the configurations for Fe electrode. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Recyclable aluminium oxy-hydroxide supported Pd nanoparticles for selective hydrogenation of nitro compounds via sodium borohydride hydrolysis
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2015) Göksu, Haydar
The reduction of aromatic/aliphatic nitro compounds to primary amines with high yields was easily realized by transfer hydrogenation comprising commercially available aluminium oxy-hydroxide-supported Pd nanoparticles (0.5 wt% Pd, Pd/AlO(OH)) as catalysts and NaBH4 as the hydrogen reservoir at room temperature in a water/methanol mixture (v/v = 7/3). The presented catalytic methodology is highly efficient for the reduction of various nitro compounds as well as reusable. A variety of R-NO2 derivatives were tested by performing the Pd/AlO(OH) catalysed reduction reaction and all the nitro compounds were selectively reduced to their corresponding primary amines in reaction times ranging from 0.75 to 13 min with yields reaching up to 99%. This process can be assessed as an eco-friendly method involving both reusable catalysts (Pd/AlO(OH) NPs) and hydrogen sources (NaBH4).
Pd nanoparticles Incarcerated in Aluminium Oxy-Hydroxide: An Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Selective Knoevenagel Condensation
(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2017) Göksu, Haydar; Gültekin, Emine
Knoevenagel condensation between aryl aldehyde derivatives with malononitrile was successfully achieved using commer-cially available Pd/AlO(OH) nanoparticles (0.5 wt% Pd) in an aqueous medium. All benzylidenemalononitrile (BMN) deriva-tives were obtained promptly (8-60 min) with high selectivity and yields of over 99% in a mixture of H2O/MeOH (v/v= 1/2) at room temperature. Moreover, when benzoyl chloride deriva-tives were utilized instead of aryl aldehyde derivatives, medium amounts of the expected products were yielded. Before the reaction and after five reuses, characterization of the Pd/AlO(OH) nanoparticles was carried out via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The BMN derivative characterization was accomplished using the (HNMR)-H-1 and (CNMR)-C-13 spectra. In order to optimize the reaction conditions, the parametric effects of the solvent type and catalyst amount were examined. Consequently, the PdAlO(OH) NPs were used for the first time in the Knoevenagel condensation. A novel, practical and eco-friendly process was developed for Knoevenagel condensation in the presence of Pd/AlO(OH) nanoparticles.
Oxidation reaction of 4-allyl-4-hydroperoxy-2-methoxycyclohexa2,5-dienone in the presence of potassium permanganate without a co-oxidant
(Acg Publications, 2016) Gültekin, Mehmet Serdar; Göksu, Haydar
4-Allyl-4-hydroperoxy-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dienone (5) was synthesized by photooxygenation of commercially available Eugenol in the presence of tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) as a singlet oxygen sensitizer. The brief and one-pot syntheses of some natural product skeletons were conducted using the corresponding allylic hydroperoxide at different temperatures (0 degrees C and room temperature) with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in mild condition at N-2(g) atm.

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