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EVALUATION OF MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF TURKISH RICE GENOTYPES IN RESPONSE TO SALT STRESS UNDER IN VITRO CONDITIONS
(Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2019) Güngör, Hüseyin; Çıkılı, Yakup; Dumlupınar, Ziya
Salinity limits the rice germination and seedling growth at early growth stages. This study aimed to determine the morpho-physiological response of seventeen Turkish rice genotypes to four NaCl salinity stress (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM) under in vitro conditions during seed germination and early seedling stages. The effects of NaCl stress on water uptake, germination ratio, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, ion contens (Na, K, Ca and K/ Na) for both root and shoot, and photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a+b and carotenoid) in 17 rice genotypes were investigated in the experiment. The values of all traits were decreased by increasing the NaCl levels (p <= 0.05), and genotype specific variations were identified under salt stress (p <= 0.05). The investigated traits were decreased by salt stress including germination rate (43.1%), root and shoot lengths (80.3 and 78.4%), root fresh and dry weights (85.9 and 83.1%), shoot fresh and dry weights (70.4 and 64.9%), root and shoot K/ Na (97.8 and 98.6%), and chl a (44.3%). According to genotype, genotype. environment (GGE) biplot analysis, principal components (PC1 and PC2) represented (38.02 and 18.39%, respectively) 56.41% of the total variation among the genotypes under salt stress. Gonen cultivar showed greater performance for the investigated traits, and had the highest salt tolerance among the cultivars. It is concluded that Gonen cultivar could be recommended for the region.
ST-yükselmeli miyokart enfarktüsü ile başvuran hastaların transfer parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesi
(Turkish Soc Cardiology, 2016) Başar, Cengiz; Özhan, Hakan; Albayrak, Enver Sinan; Türker, Yasin
Amaç: Akut koroner sendrom (AKS), ciddi morbidite ve mortalite ile seyreden yaygın bir hastalıktır. Hızlı damar reperfüzyonu, AKS alt tipi olan ST-yükselmeli miyokart enfarktüsü (STYME) tedavisinin en önemli aşamasıdır. Sonuçların başarısı sadece merkezin deneyimine değil, reperfüzyonun ne kadar kısa sürede sağlandığına da bağlıdır. Çalışmamızda merkezimize başvuran STYME’li hastaların transfer parametreleri değerlendirildi. Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza Ocak 2011-Mart 2013 tarihleri arasında, STYME nedeniyle primer perkütan koroner girişim (PKG) uygulanan ardışık 200 hasta (160 erkek, 40 kadın) dahil edildi. Hastaların semptom başlangıcından ilk damar açıcı tedaviye kadar olan transfer parametreleri, klinik özellikleri ve laboratuvar değerleri kaydedildi. Bulgular: Hastaların 36’sının ilk hastane başvurusunu 112 Acil Servis ambulansı ile yaptığı, 70 hastanın ilk olarak PKG yapılamayan bir merkeze başvurduğu ve bu hastaların merkezimize transfer süresinin ortalama 73.9±12.5 dakika (dk) olduğu tespit edildi. Ağrı-ilk tıbbi temas süresinin medyan 105 (dağılım, 5–600) dk, ilk tıbbi temas-balon süresinin 115.5 (dağılım, 20–414) dk olduğu görüldü. Kadınlarda toplam ağrı-balon süresi erkeklere göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (sırasıyla 246 [70–840]dk ve 195 [45–684] dk; p=0.032). Ayrıca ilk tıbbi teması 112 Acil Servis sistemi ile sağlayan hastalarda ağrı balon süresi, kendi imkanları ile acil başvuru yapan hastalara göre istatiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha düşük tespit edildi (sırasıyla 185 [45–439] dk ve 248 [65–840] dk; p=0.017). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda hastanemiz kapı-balon süresinin Avrupa Kardiyoloji Derneği ve Amerikan Kardiyoloji Koleji STEME kılavuzu hedefleri ile uyumlu olduğu, ilk tıbbi temas-balon süresinin güncel kılavuz önerilerinin üzerinde olduğu saptandı.
Geographical description and molecular characterization of genetic structure and diversity using a 6K SNP array in Turkish oat germplasm
(Canadian Science Publishing, Nrc Research Press, 2019) Cömertpay, Gönül; Habyarimana, Ephrem; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Güngör, Hüseyin; Dokuyucu, Tevrican; Akkaya, Aydın; Dumlupınar, Ziya
Cultivated oat (Avena sativa L. and Avena byzantina Koch) is native to Turkey, a secondary center of oat diversity. Oat breeding has received less attention relative to other cereals. In this work, the diversity of oat landraces collected from different regions of Turkey as well as obtained from different gene banks was investigated using 3293 high quality SNP markers. Expected heterozygosity (Hs), observed heterozygosity (Ho), inbreeding coefficient (Fis), and overall genetic diversity (Ht) of the oat gene pool were 0.22, 0.01, 0.96, and 0.38, respectively. The value of the genetic differentiation (Fst) metric for genetic structure was 0.41 and indicated that kinship was more of a determinant for population structure than the geographical provenance. The populations from different geographical regions shared a great proportion of genetic diversity. Clustering using model-based STRUCTURE, principal coordinates (PCoA), and neighbour-joining (NJ) algorithms were mostly comparable except for five discrepantly clustered accessions in NJ and PCoA relative to STRUCTURE, which can be attributed to the relatively reduced resolution power in the NJ and PCoA approaches. SNP markers partitioned all oat accessions into four main groups (A, B, C, and D) with 10 unclassified accessions. Some landraces were identical based on genetic distance and can represent duplications in gene banks. The data presented in this work represent the initial results on genetic diversity as investigated in Turkish oat, and are an important resource for systematicians, geneticists, and breeders interested in Turkish oat germplasm. These results are expected to open new opportunities for further studies in oat genomics and cultivar development.
Genomic assisted selection for enhancing line breeding: merging genomic and phenotypic selection in winter wheat breeding programs with preliminary yield trials
(Springer, 2017) Michel, Sebastian; Ametz, Christian; Güngör, Hüseyin; Akgöl, Batuhan; Epure, Doru; Grausgruber, Heinrich; Buerstmayr, Hermann
Early generation genomic selection is superior to conventional phenotypic selection in line breeding and can be strongly improved by including additional information from preliminary yield trials. The selection of lines that enter resource-demanding multi-environment trials is a crucial decision in every line breeding program as a large amount of resources are allocated for thoroughly testing these potential varietal candidates. We compared conventional phenotypic selection with various genomic selection approaches across multiple years as well as the merit of integrating phenotypic information from preliminary yield trials into the genomic selection framework. The prediction accuracy using only phenotypic data was rather low (r = 0.21) for grain yield but could be improved by modeling genetic relationships in unreplicated preliminary yield trials (r = 0.33). Genomic selection models were nevertheless found to be superior to conventional phenotypic selection for predicting grain yield performance of lines across years (r = 0.39). We subsequently simplified the problem of predicting untested lines in untested years to predicting tested lines in untested years by combining breeding values from preliminary yield trials and predictions from genomic selection models by a heritability index. This genomic assisted selection led to a 20% increase in prediction accuracy, which could be further enhanced by an appropriate marker selection for both grain yield (r = 0.48) and protein content (r = 0.63). The easy to implement and robust genomic assisted selection gave thus a higher prediction accuracy than either conventional phenotypic or genomic selection alone. The proposed method took the complex inheritance of both low and high heritable traits into account and appears capable to support breeders in their selection decisions to develop enhanced varieties more efficiently.
GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS TO EVALUATE YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME OAT (AVENA SATIVA L.) GENOTYPE, ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR INTERACTIONS IN MULTI LOCATION
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Budak, Fikret
Three field location experiments were carried out to determine yield and yield components of different genotype of oat (Checota, Saia6, Seydisehir04, Yesilkoy 1779 and Albatros) in different environmental condition using methodology during 2016 and 2017 seasons that were combined in GGE-biplot analysis. The environmental locations were Balikesir, Bursa and Manisa. The experiments were arranged in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates in each experiment. The purpose of the study was to determinate environmental interaction with forage yield and quality and grain yield of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes. In the research, herbage yield, dry matter (hay) yield, crude protein, crude fat, ADF and NDF contents were investigated. As a result of the research the highest avarage herbage yield (4638 kg da(-1)) was observed in Saia 6 and the lowest avarage herbage yield 4028 kg da(-1) in Yesilkoy 1779, and also the highest and the lowest Average hay yield was obtained by 1359 kg da(-1) from Saia 6 and 1219 kg da(-1) from Yesilkoyl 779 genotypes. In terms of average yield and dry matter (hay) yield, there were highly significant differences. Concerning average crude protein, crude fat, ADF content also there were significant differences statistically among genotypes. Likewise inpoint of locations the differences among genotypes were highly significant. Also Genotype x environment interaction except NDF and seed yield was highly significant statistically. Considering the average yield, hay yield and crude protein the hightest value were obtained from Manisa location, considering the average yield, hay yield the lowest value was obtained from Balikesir location.
GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND QUALITY STABILITY IN TWO ENVIRONMENT TRIALS OF ALFALFA GENOTYPES (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Budak, Fikret; Aydemir, Serap Kızıl
Two field experiments were carried out to find out yield and yield components of different genotypes of alfalfa in two environments. Yield and yield components (dry matter, crude protein, ADF, NDF, RFV content and ME value) of our varieties (Kayseri, Elci, Bilensoy, WL 414 (MA 414) and a native cultivar of alfalfa was investigated under two different environmental conditions during 20122013 and 2013-2014seasons that were combined in a GGE-Biplot analysis. The locations were the provinces of Igdir and Kars. The experiments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates in each experiment. In the study, herbage yield, dry matter yield, crude protein content, ADF, NDF, RFV and ME values were analyzed. Within the environment, the main effect of a genotype was significant. The combined analysis of variance for plant height, herbage yield and dry matter data indicated that the differences among all sources of variation were highly significant (P<0.001). Environment (E), Genotype (G) and GxE interaction were also significant. Genotypes at Igdir significantly produced herbage yield and dry matter yield greater than Kars. The analysis showed that there is diversity in yield among alfalfa genotypes. Moreover, the GGE biplot analysis showed that Elci was the most desirable genotype across all environment followed by Bilensoy and MA-414. The stability analysis showed that the high performing genotype was stable for yield.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SOME YIELD ASSOCIATED TRAITS OF F-3 SEGREGATING POPULATION OF BREAD WHEAT
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Güngör, Hüseyin; Başal, Hüseyin; Yüce, İlker; Kekilli, Özgür; Akçadağ, Merve; Dumlupınar, Ziya
Diallel analysis are curial to determine the most suitable parents and crosses, and to select appropriate method in breeding programs. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic parameters, general and specific combining abilities for some yield component in an 8 x 8 half diallel bread wheat cross populations including 28 F-3 populations and their eight parental lines. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications at Luleburgaz/Kirklareli under farmer conditions in 2016-2017 cropping year. According to variance analysis, genotypes were found significantly different for all investigated traits. Based on results of the genetic parameters, all investigated traits were controlled by dominance gene effects. In addition, over dominance effects were found in all investigated traits. Due to low narrow sense heritability, selection in later generations might be much more useful. The general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) were also found as significant for all investigated traits in this study. When general combining ability values were evaluated, Krasunia odes'ka and Lucilla were suitable genotypes for increased yield and yield components. According to specific combining ability values, Masaccio x Lucilla, Krasunia odes'ka x Lucilla, Krasunia odes'ka x Masaccio, G1-14 x Masaccio, Esperia x Lucilla, Esperia x Masaccio, Esperia x G1-14, As-14 x Krasunia odes'ka, Midas x Krasunia odes'ka and Midas x G1-14 crosses were promising for all traits examined.
FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH FREE-LIVING SOIL NEMATODES IN TURKEY
(Inst Bioloska Istrazivanja Sinisa Stankovic, 2015) Karabörklü, Salih; Ayvaz, Abdurrahman; Yılmaz, Semih; Azizoğlu, Uğur
Free-living soil nematodes have successfully adapted world-wide to nearly all soil types from the highest to the lowest of elevations. In the current study, nematodes were isolated from soil samples and fungi associated with these free-living soil nematodes were determined. Large subunit (LSU) rDNAs of nematode-associated fungi were amplified and sequenced to construct phylogenetic trees. Nematode-associated fungi were observed in six nematode strains belonging to Acrobeloides, Steinernema and Cephalobus genera in different habitats. Malassezia and Cladosporium fungal strains indicated an association with Acrobeloides and Cephalobus nematodes, while Alternaria strains demonstrated an association with the Steinernema strain. Interactions between fungi and free-living nematodes in soil are discussed. We suggest that nematodes act as vectors for fungi.
Expression of cry1Ab gene from a novel Bacillus thuringiensis strain SY49-1 active on pest insects
(Soc Brasileira Microbiologia, 2016) Azizoğlu, Uğur; Ayvaz, Abdurrahman; Yılmaz, Semih; Karabörklü, Salih; Temizgül, Rıdvan
In this study, the cry1Ab gene of previously characterized and Lepidoptera-, Diptera-, and Coleoptera-active Bacillus thuringiensis SY49-1 strain was cloned, expressed and individually tested on Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae. pET-cry1Ab plasmids were constructed by ligating the crylAb into pET28a (+) expression vector. Constructed plasmids were transferred to an Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain rendered competent with CaCl2. Isopropyl beta-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside was used to induce the expression of cry1Ab in E. coli BL21(DE3), and consequently, similar to 130 kDa of Cry1Ab was obtained. Bioassay results indicated that recombinant Cry1Ab at a dose of 1000 mu g g(-1) caused 40% and 64% mortality on P. interpunctella and E. kuehniella larvae, respectively. However, the mortality rates of Bt SY49-1 strains' spore-crystal mixture at the same dose were observed to be 70% on P. interpunctella and 90% on E. kuehniella larvae. The results indicated that crylAb may be considered as a good candidate in transgenic crop production and as an alternative biocontrol agent in controlling stored product moths. (C) 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp kurstaki HD1 spore-crystal mixture on the adults of egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Azizoğlu, Uğur; Yılmaz, Semih; Ayvaz, Abdurrahman; Karabörklü, Salih
In the present study, the potential hazard of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) kurstaki HD1 spore-crystal mixture (spore/-endotoxin) on parasitization performance and longevity of female egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens Westwood was evaluated. For this purpose, Bt kurstaki HD1 was incubated at 30 degrees C in T3 medium at 200 rpm for seven days. Lyophilized spore-crystal mixture (5000 mu g mL(-1)) was mixed with 50% honey solution and supplied to 0-24 h old T. evanescens adults as a nutrient to ensure the ingestion of the toxins by the parasitoids. The results indicated that spore-crystal mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) HD1 did not induce considerable decrease in parasitization performance and longevity of T. evanescens adults. Thus, it can be concluded that Btk HD1 products can safely be used together with egg parasitoid T. evanescens in integrated pest management system to compensate the deficiency of each control tactic alone.
Determination of Relationships between Grain Yield and Some Agronomic Traits by Correlation and Path Analysis in Oat (Avena spp.)
(Univ Namik Kemal, 2017) Güngör, Hüseyin; Dokuyucu, Tevrican; Dumlupınar, Ziya; Akkaya, Aydın
Grain yield is a quantitative trait that a number of characteristics has direct or indirect effects. This research was carried out in 2008-09 growing season with 22 landraces and 3 commercial oat (Avena spp.) cultivars under Kahramanmaras ecological conditions. The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. In the research, the traits such as stem diameter(SD), flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW), plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), grain filling period (GFP), vegetative period (VP), days to maturity (DM), biomass (B), grain number per panicle (GNP), grain weight per panicle (GWP), thousand kernel weight (TKW) and grain yield (GY) were investigated; the direct and indirect effects of those traits on grain yield were evaluated using Path and correlation analysis. According to Path analysis, GFP (47.74%), VP (39.41%), B (31.15%), GNP (29.80%) and TKW (24.78%) had the highest direct effect on grain yield. Based on correlation analysis there was a positive and significant relationship between grain yield and stem diameter (r = 0.480**), flag leaf length (r = 0.230*), flag leaf width (r = 0.241*), grain filling period (r = 0.224*), days to maturity (r = 0.339**) and biomass (r = 0.313**) while a negative and significant correlation found with plant height (r = -0.315**). In the study, Path analysis and correlation coefficients used to determine direct and indirect effects of some agronomic traits on grain yield showed that GFP, VP, B, GNP and GWP might be used as a selection criteria for grain yield successfully.
DETERMINATION AND COMPARISON OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR L.), SUDAN GRASSES (SORGHUM SUDANENSE L.), SORGHUM SUDANGRASS HYBRIDS (SORGHUM BICOLOR X SORGHUM BICOLOR VAR. SUDANENSE) AND CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) VARIETIES GROWN AS A SECOND CROP ON WESTERN TRANSITION ZONE AFTER HUNGARIAN VETCH (VICIA PANNONICA CRANTZ)
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Budak, Fikret; Aydemir, Serap Kızıl
This study was carried out during the second crop season of 2008-2009 under irrigated conditions at Anatolian Agricultural Research Institute in Eskisehir to determine the yield and yield components of sorghum varieties (Leoti, Early Sumac and Rox) sudangrass variety (Gozde 80), sorghum- sudangrass hybrid varieties (Sweet sioux-5 and Super graze), and corn varieties (Gang -610, Pioneer3396,Tum-82, Ant-90 and TTM815) varieties as second crop used after Hungarian vetch variety Budak in the experiment. Both main crop and second crop trials were set up as four replications by trial pattern of randomized complete block design. Main crop Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica) was harvested at the period of 50 % flowering. After harvesting main crop, second crops were seeded and second crops were harvested at the period of starch. As a result of the study, A growing season, main and second product was found to be raised at the two products for Eskisehir region. There was statistically insignificant difference among varieties by the year of growth. According to the two years averages herbage yield varied from 7772 kg ha(-1)to 4840 kg ha(-1). The highest herbage yield was obtained from Pioneer Corn with 7772 kg ha(-1). Relative feed value (RFV) of sorghum and maize varieties ranged from 93,12 to 125,17. Products obtained as a result of research can be classified as good values of RFV. Metabolisable energy of sorghum and maize varieties ranged from 2,09 to 2,293 Mcal kg(-1) KM. Ant90 had the highest ME, but did not differ from Ttm815 and Pioneer 3396 Rox had lower ME content than all other cultivars while ME content in the remaining cultivars was similar. There was a strong negative relationship between acid detergent fiber and relative feed value and metabolisable energy content, while relative feed value and metabolisable energy were positively correlated. Despite difference of yield between these varieties, they cultivated as second crop in Eskisehir and similar regions.
Total atrial conduction time evaluated with tissue Doppler imaging increases in hypertensive patients with hyperuricemia
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015) Başar, Cengiz; Beşli, Feyzullah; Türker, Yasin; Özhan, Hakan
BackgroundSerum uric acid (SUA) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension. Total atrial conduction time (TACT) is a novel echocardiographic parameter used to identify the presence of electrical and structural atrial remodeling. We hypothesized that elevated SUA levels may be associated with prolonged TACT.MethodsA total of 50 consecutive hyperuricemic (defined as SUA>7mg/dl for men and >6.0mg/dl for women) patients who had hypertension were included in the study. A total of 42 normouricemic patients were also recruited consecutively as the control group. All patients were evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography and TACT was estimated by measuring the time delay between the onset of the P-wave of ECG and peak A'-wave on the tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of the left atrial lateral wall (PA-TDI duration).ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two groups according to age, sex, left ventricular systolic function, left atrial diameter, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. PA-TDI duration was found to be significantly increased in the hyperuricemic group (112.314.7 vs. 92 +/- 12.7ms; P<0.001) and positively correlated with the mean value of SUA levels (r=0.48, P<0.001).ConclusionTACT increases in patients with hyperuricemia. Certainly, larger studies in different populations should further examine this potential association.
Synthesis, Antibacterial, Antiurease, and Antioxidant Activities of Some New 1,2,4-Triazole Schiff Base and Amine Derivatives
(Humana Press Inc, 2015) Sökmen, Bahar Bilgin; Gümrükçüoğlu, Nurhan; Uğraş, Serpil; Şahin, Hüseyin; Sağkal, Yasemin; Uğraş, Halil İbrahim
The acylhydrazone compound named ethyl N'-furan-2-carbonylbenzohydrazonate was synthesized by the condensation of ethyl benzimidate hydrochloride with furan-2-carbohydrazide. The treatment of the acylhydrazone with hydrazine hydrate afforded 4-amino-3-furan-2-yl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole. The usage of this compound with various aromatic aldehydes resulted in the formation of 4-arylidenamino-3-furan-2-yl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoles. Sodium borohydride reduction of 4-arylidenamino derivatives afforded 4-alkylamino-3-furan-2-yl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoles. The obtained products were identified by FT-IR, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR. A series of compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial, antiurease, and antioxidant activities. The results showed that the synthesized new compounds had effective antiurease and antioxidant activities.
Synthesis of New 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-Triazoles and Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antiurease and Antioxidant Activities
(Chem Soc Pakistan, 2016) Gümrükçüoğlu, Nurhan; Sökmen, Bahar Bilgin; Şahin, Hüseyin; Uğraş, Serpil; Sağkal, Yasemin; Uğraş, Halil İbrahim
Acylhydrazone 2 was synthesized by the condensation of iminoester hydrochloride 1 with acyl hydrazine. The treatment of acylhydrazone with hydrazine hydrate afforded 4-amino-3,5-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazole 3. The treatment of compound 3 with various aromatic aldehydes resulted in the formation of 4-arylidenamino-3, 5-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazoles 4a-c. Sodium borohydride reduction of 4-arylidenamino derivatives afforded 4-alkylamino-3,5-dialkyl- 1,2,4-triazoles 5a-c. The obtained products were identified by FTIR, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR, Mass spectroscopic and elemental analysis. A series of compounds were evaluated for their, antibacterial, antiurease, antioxidant activities. The results showed that the synthesized new compounds had effective antibacterial, antioxidant, antiurease activities.
POTENTIAL USE OF FIRSTLY ISOLATED BACTERIA FROM YIGILCA HONEYBEES (APIS MELLIFERA L.) AND PRODUCTS AGAINST THE PATHOGENS
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Uğraş, Serpil; Dursun, Hacer; Dülger, Görkem; Kekeçoğlu, Meral
The honeybees are vital to the continuity of almost all living things on earth. Unfortunately, honeybees are under the threat of many pathogens as Paenibacillus larvae. These pathogens cause severe loss in the hives resulting in bee colony extinction, which is a cause for international concern because it results in massive deaths of commercial honeybee stocks. Due to the economic and ecological importance of honeybees, it is essential to develop effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly strategies for the control of bee diseases. Among these strategies, the use of environmentally friendly biological control preparations which will be developed from its own microbiota is very important. With the idea that honeybees may be more resistant to diseases if the microbiota are supported, this study aimed to first determine the bacteria found in healthy honeybees and their products. In line with this goal, nineteen bacteria were identified with molecular techniques. These included: in the honey, Staphylococcus warneri (HD5, HD20); in the pollen, Lactobacillus kunkeei (HD6), Fructobacillus fructosus (HD8), S. lentus (HD9), Pantoea vagans (HD10), Bacillus licheniformis (HS6), Pluralibacter pyrinus (HS10) and P. anthophila (HS11); in bee bread, L. kunkeei (HD12), P. agglomerans (HD11), B. cereus (HS1 and HS3) and B. safensis (HS2 and HS4); and in the bees, B. safensis (HD18), Escherichia coli (HD13) and Enterobacter cloacae (HS19, HS20). Furthermore, it was determined that L. kunkeii (HD6 and HD12) and F. fructosus (HD8) had high inhibition activity against the American foulbrood agent P. larvae.
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF INSECT-ASSOCIATED FREE-LIVING RHABDITID NEMATODES FROM EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY
(Corvinus Univ Budapest, 2016) Azizoğlu, Uğur; Karabörklü, Salih; Ayvaz, Abdurrahman; Yılmaz, Semih
Free-living nematodes play an important role in nutrient cycling. The study was designed to characterize insect-associated free-living soil nematodes in Rhabditida order from Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey using their 28S rDNA sequences and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 105 soil samples were taken from different habitats. Galleria baiting technique was used to obtain free-living nematodes. The nematodes were harvested from cadavers of last instar Galleria mellonella larvaeafter trapping process. Free-living soil nematodes were detected in 14 soil samples (13.3%). PCR products obtained from 28S rDNA of isolates were sequenced and phylogenetic trees created. BLASTN homology searches and phylogenetic tree results constructed by Neighbour Joining and Bootstrap Tree methods. Results showed that these insect-associated isolates were determined as species belonging to Rhabditidae (Rhabditis terricola and Mesorhabditis sp.), Chambersiellidae (Macrolaimus sp.) and Cephalobidae (Cephalobus sp., Pseudacrobeles sp. and Acrobeloides sp.) families in Rhabditida. Free-living nematodes interact with many arthropods and other invertebrate species. These interactions are also important for their use in biological control program. In this study, these interactions between free-living nematode-insect,-arthropod and-invertebrate are discussed.
Native entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from Turkey and their effectiveness on pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Karabörklü, Salih; Ayvaz, Abdurrahman; Yılmaz, Semih; Azizoğlu, Uğur; Akbulut, Mikail
Two native entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated from soil samples in Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey and characterized based on 28S rDNA region. BLASTN homology and phylogenetic analysis of SK17 and SK-71 isolates indicated 98% and 99% identity to Steinernema affine and Steinernema feltiae, respectively. The results were constructed by neighbour-joining and bootstrap tree methods. Efficacy of S. affine (SK-17 strain) and S. feltiae (SK-71 strain) was tested against the larvae of pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams, and remarkable mortality rates were obtained. Both strains caused complete mortality upon application of 500 IJs in foliar tests. However, the same strains caused 30% and 33% mortality at 80 IJs/cm(2) in soil applications. It was concluded that these native strains could be considered as potential biocontrol agents for reducing the damage caused by T. wilkinsoni larvae.
Mosquitocidal Potential of Native Bacillus thuringiensis Strain SY49-1 against Disease Vector, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)
(Malaysian Soc Parasitology Tropical Medicine, 2017) Azizoğlu, Uğur; Yılmaz, Semih; Ayvaz, Abdurrahman; Karabörklü, Salih; Atcıyurt, Zehra Büşra
Mosquitoes are regarded as troublesome organisms worldwide due to their parasitic and pathogenic aspect causing malaria, yellow fever, dengue, West Nile and filariasis. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) products have effectively been used for decades in controlling the mosquito mediated diseases and also decreasing the chemical input into the environment. In the present study, biocontrol potential of previously characterized Bt SY49-1 strain was investigated on Culex pipiens larvae. Fourth instars of C. pipiens were subjected to spore/delta-endotoxins (50, 100, 250 and 500 mu g mL(-1)) of Bt SY49-1 strain, carrying cry genes active against Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Nematodes. The spore/delta-endotoxin mixture caused 100% mortality on the larvae at the dose of 500 mu g mL(-1). PCR results indicated that Bt SY49-1 harbors Lepidopter-Dipter specific cry2A gene as well as Lepidopter specific cry1Ab, cry1Aa/Ad, cry1C, cry9A, cry9C, Lepidopter-Dipter-Coleopter specific cry1B, and Nematode specific cry5 gene. Results indicated the potential usage of Bt SY49-1 in preventing the breeding of C. pipiens and the spread of diseases resulting therefrom.
Isolation, identification and characterization of probiotic properties of bacterium from the honey stomachs of Yigilca honeybees in Turkey
(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2017) Uğraş, Serpil
Honeybees are considered as a key species in nature for their vital role in the maintenance of almost all life on earth. However, the massive death of honeybee stocks worldwide, largely due to colony collapse disorder, is causing international concern. In order to avoid these losses, new approaches must be sought. In previous studies, the probiotic properties of the bacteria found in the bodies of honeybees are thought to have an active role in providing resistance against pathogens. Consequently, in this study, it is aimed to isolate probiotic lactic acid bacteria from honey stomachs of the healthy honeybee, to examine the effect of these bacteria against pathogenic bacteria and to use these bacteria to boost the immune system of bees. For this purpose, between 2015 and 2016, probiotic bacteria were screened from honey bees that provided by DAGEM (Duzce University, Beekeeping Research, Development and Application Center, Yigilca, DUZCE). The inhibitory activity of the obtained bacteria against the bee pathogen Melissococcus plutonius (Truper and de 'Clari, 1998) (Enterococcaceae) was determined by in vitro agar well diffusion. The bacterium with the desired characteristics were identified by biochemical, physiological and 16s rDNA analysis as Lactobacillus kunkeei (Edwards, 1998) (Lactobacillaceae) and its probiotic nature was investigated. With the evaluation of these findings, future preparations of the isolate are expected to support the bee immune system and, as a result, to produce resistant honeybees without resorting to treatment with antibiotics.

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