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    The effects of leptin on the cardiovascular system
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2023) Kiliç, U.; Soytürk, H.; Suveren, E.; Yildiz, A.
    Leptin hormone is an adipokine released from adipose tissue that has recently gained interest due to its impact on the cardiovascular system as well as many other systemic effects. The obesity (ob) gene regulates leptin hormone release, which plays a role in body fat regulation. Obesity, which is defined by a rise in blood leptin levels, is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Because of the increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and the accompanying renin-angiotensin system, obesity produces a rise in extracellular fluid volume. The increase in sympathetic activity caused by hyperleptinemia is one of the reasons for obesity-related hypertension. One of the reasons for cardiovascular diseases in obesity is the interplay of angiotensin II, insulin, endothelin-A, and hyperleptinemia. Acute cardiovascular events, restenosis following coronary angioplasty, and cerebral palsy have all been linked to high leptin levels. In leptin-deficient mice, arterial thrombosis was shown to be minimal. As a result, inhibiting leptin activation could be a future therapy method for hyperleptinemic obese people to reduce the course of atherosclerosis. This book chapter will discuss the consequences of hyperleptinemia caused by high leptin serum levels and leptin receptor resistance in obesity on renal, cardiac, vascular, and sympathetic nervous system function, as well as their relationship to cardiovascular disease. © 2024 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
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    The physiological and pathophysiological role of leptin in neurological and behavioral disorders
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2023) Soytürk, H.; Kiliç, U.; Yildiz, A.
    Many factors can impact behavioral problems, including genetic, physiological, structural, and psychological factors. The genesis of behavioral disorders is influenced by several elements as a result of this complicated relationship. Because hormones are so tightly linked to the brain and nervous system, behavioral issues might be hormonal. Because of receptor insensitivity, the number of hormones may drop or rise; the number of receptors may alter; and mutations may develop. Leptin is a hormone that is generated mostly by fatty tissue, although it can also be produced by the placenta, skeletal muscle, stomach, mammary epithelium, and brain tissue. The hypothalamus, one of the body's most important organs, regulates the hormone leptin's physiological role and systemic effect. The leptin hormone inhibits appetite while increasing energy consumption in the hypothalamus arcuate nucleus. Leptin has been shown to have both peripheral and central effects, interacting with the endocrine system and hence possibly impacting behavior. Eating disorders, schizophrenia, sleep, sexual behavior, depression, anxiety, anorexia nervosa, bipolar illness, borderline personality disorder, and alcohol use disorders have all been connected to leptin. According to studies, leptin has been linked to several behavioral illnesses, including depression. Furthermore, the interaction of antidepressants and antipsychotics with the hormone leptin has emerged as a new topic of research. The role of leptin in neurological and behavioral diseases is emphasized in this book chapter. The chapter discusses many features of leptin and emphasizes the significance of future research to better understand leptin's involvement in disease causes and therapy. © 2024 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.