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Öğe Biological Activity of Natural Formulation with Propolis, Lavender and Thyme Oil on Candida Species(2023) Yoldas, Pinar Agyar; Sıpahı, Nisa; Rasgele, Pinar Goc; Goksu, HaydarObjective: Candida strains have been frequently associated with nosocomial infections in recent years. On the other hand, the public prefers natural resources rather than synthetic materials. Therefore, it is essential to research the combined effects of natural products. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal and antibiofilm effectiveness of essential oils and propolis-containing samples on Candida species and the toxicity of samples. Materials-Methods: Three different samples were prepared with propolis, lavender oil, and thyme oil. Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) GC/MS was used to determine organic compounds in samples. The antifungal effects of a natural product mix were tested against C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis by disk diffusion method. MIC and MFC tests of the mixture were performed against a standard such as Nystatin. Antibiofilm tests were performed with the microplate system, taking into account the detected concentrations, and finally, the cytotoxicity test was investigated in the L929 cell line with the WST-1 kit. Results: C. albicans was determined as the most sensitive species (MIC50: 90 ppm, MIC90: 750 ppm MFC: 3120 ppm). In the antibiofilm tests, it was determined that the sample was more effective on C. albicans, and it inhibited biofilm formation. Also, it was determined that the IC50 value was 5052 ppm. Conclusion: The natural product mixture, which has a scientifically proven antifungal effect, has a feature that has high added value and contributes to the economy. However, of course, it has to investigate by further studies. The findings of this study may lead to new therapeutic approaches with standardized natural products in the future.Öğe Chemical Compositions and Antimutagenic Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Stachys Thirkei and Stachys Annua subsp. Annua Using the Ames Assay(Springer, 2021) Rasgele, Pinar Goc; Dülger, GörkemIn this study, antimutagenic effects of ethanolic extracts of Stachys thirkei and Stachys annua subsp. annua belonging to Lamiaceae family that grow in Duzce of Turkey were investigated on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains without metabolic activation using Salmonella/microsome test system. Three different concentrations (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/plate) of the ethanolic extracts of S. thirkei and S. annua subsp. were used as active materials in which the major components were 2-ethylhexanol (30.012%) and 2-beta-pinene (26.40%), respectively. The highest concentration (0.1 mg/plate) of S. thirkei had a moderate antimutagenic effect on the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain with a 26.79% inhibition rate. It was also established that the extract of S. thirkei at highest concentration (0.1 mg/plate) exhibited strong antimutagenic effect (with 44.03% maximum inhibition) on TA100 strain. Furthermore, it was found that 0.05 mg/plate ethanolic extract showed moderate antimutagenic activity with 25.55% inhibition rate. The highest concentration (0.1 mg/plate) of ethanolic extract of S. annua subsp. showed moderate antimutagenic activity on both Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains with inhibition rates of 20.39 and 22.13%, respectively. No antimutagenic activity on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains was observed at the lowest doses of both plant species. As a result, it is concluded that S. thirkei and annua subsp. have antimutagenic activity and further studies may be recommended in terms of different parameters.Öğe Determination of micronuclei frequency in Danio rerio for assessing genotoxicity induced by propineb(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Rasgele, Pinar Goc; Demir, Fatma; Kirankaya, Serife GulsunThe aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effect of Propineb fungicide at different concentrations (0.167, 0.335 and 0.670 mg L-1) and different treatment times (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) on Danio rerio. At the end of the treatment periods, blood was collected from the fish with a heparin injector; smear preparations were prepared, fixed and stained. In the prepared preparations, the numbers of cells with MN and erythrocyte nucleus abnormalities were examined. It was found that propineb increased micronucleus formation at all treatment times and concentrations and induced the formation of erythrocytes with morphological abnormal nuclei such as segmented, kidney-shaped, notched, vacuolated nuclei and binucleated. The increase in micronucleus formation and the number of erythrocytes with abnormal nuclei were found to be concentration and treatment time-dependent. In conclusion, in this study, Danio rerio erythrocytes were used to evaluate the genotoxic effects of propineb fungicide on aquatic organisms, which have an important place in environmental risk assessment criteria. Since fungicides used in agricultural control such as propineb may have the potential to be genotoxic to aquatic organisms, the results of toxicity tests should be taken into consideration in the selection and use of concentrations of these chemicals.Öğe Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters of COVID 19 Patients as Biomarkers(Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Karadeniz, Umit; Ugras, Serpil; Rasgele, Pinar GocObjective: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic with more than 664 million confirmed cases and more than 6.7 million deaths worldwide. In pandemic, several studies have been done about the relationship of some biochemical and hematological parameters with COVID 19 in order to assist diagnosis and treatment. However, a lot of information is not completely complete and there are contradictions in the data. In the present study, it was focused to compare the biochemical parameters of patients and healthy individuals due to COVID 19 by investigating the relationship between age and gender. Methods: The 317 individuals who consulted to the Pandemic Outpatient Clinic with the suspicion of COVID 19 between February 2022 and November 2022 were evaluated by laboratory tests. In present study, biochemical parameter values of individuals with positive and negative COVID 19 test outcomes were used as material. These biochemical parameters were compared statistically based on different age ranges and gender groups. Results: It was ascertained that the values such as urea (UREA), creatine (KREA), ferritin (FER), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), high sensitivity troponin I (HSTI), creatine kinase (CK) and C reactive protein (CRP) in male patients with COVID 19 were higher than female patients with COVID 19. Moreover, it was detected that there was a statistically significant increase in parameters such as GLU, FER, AST, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), HSTI, CK and CRP in COVID 19 patients aged 18-65 years. Conclusions: Many biomarkers of prognostic importance are expensive, ordinary and pricey-effective biomarkers such as FER, AST, LDH, HSTI, CK and CRP can be used to monitor disease in patients with COVID 19 infection.Öğe In Vivo Genotoxicity Testing of Bentazone Herbicide in Danio rerio Erythrocytes Using the Micronucleus and Nuclear Abnormality Assays(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2024) Rasgele, Pinar Goc; Ozer, Havva; Kirankaya, Serife GulsunBentazone herbicide is in the benzothiadiazole group and is often used for the elimination of weeds. In this experiment, the in vivo genotoxicity of bentazone herbicide in Danio rerio erythrocytes was investigated using micronucleus and nuclear abnormality assays. Fish were exposed to three different concentrations (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, including the control group. When compared with the negative group, it was found that there was a statistical increase in the number of micronuclei in a concentration-dependent manner. According to the data obtained from the erythrocyte nucleolar abnormality assay, the most common abnormality for the 24-h treatment was kidney-shaped nucleus (at 10 mg/L concentration); the most common abnormality for the 48-, 72-, and 96-h treatment periods was echinocyte (at 5 and 10 mg/L concentrations). All concentrations of bentazone herbicide caused an increase in the total abnormality level in Danio rerio erythrocytes at all treatment times. These increases were concentration dependent for 24-, 72-, and 96-h treatment times, except for the 48-h treatment. Furthermore, for all treatment groups, the high concentration of bentazone herbicide (10 mg/L) caused changes on the long-short axis of the erythrocytes and the long-short axis of the nucleus, but these changes were not statistically significant. The data we obtained as a result of the study showed that bentazone herbicide is genotoxic for aquatic organisms depending on their use. Further research into different aquatic organisms is needed to investigate the genotoxicity mechanisms of bentazone herbicide in aquatic organisms.Öğe Investigation and Characterization of Novel Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites from Melissa officinalis L.(Springer, 2024) Rasgele, Pinar Goc; Yoldas, Pinar Agyar; Sipahi, Nisa; Ucan, HilalPlants have very important chemical components, known as secondary metabolites, for the pharmaceutical industry, as well as for the chemical, cosmetics, and agricultural control industries. These secondary metabolites isolated from essential oils are used to obtain the raw material or fragrance component of the drug by semi-synthesis. For this reason, plants have been used to treat many diseases in the past, and their active ingredients are still used in medicine today. Each plant, each drug, contains differences owing to their natural structure. However, making the drug obtained from a plant a standard product is important in terms of using it as a medicine in treatment. Therefore, in our study, both the characterization of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of Melissa officinalis were investigated. beta-Citral (30.900%) was the main component of the essential oil. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of M. officinalis were found to be 923.33 mu g/mL gallic acid equivalent and 1.650 mu g/mL quercetin equivalent. The free radical scavenging percentage of M. officinalis was 42.17%. M. officinalis had antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida parapsilosis. In mouse fibroblast cells, the cell viability was found to be 87.50%, 88.235%, and 94.118% respectively, at low doses. In a human breast cancer cell line, it was observed that the cell viability at low concentrations was 77.861%, 85.40%, and 89.474% respectively. The inhibitory concentrations IC50 of M. officinalis calculated for mouse fibroblast and human breast cancer cells in the GraphPad Prism 9.1.1 program were found to be 6229 and 4417 mu g/mL respectively. In conclusion, M. officinalis has high bioactive secondary metabolites such as beta-citral, beta-caryophyllene, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and cis-1,2-dihydroperillaldehyde, has strong antimicrobial activity, and inhibits viability on breast cancer cells.Öğe Investigation of genotoxic effects of rhododendron honey using three mammalian bioassays in vivo(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Rasgele, Pinar Goc; Gokalp, Fulya Dilek; Kaya, Salih Tunc; Kekecoglu, Meral; Acar, Merve KamburRhododendron honey (RH) is obtained from the rhododendron plants are grown in many regions around the world, causes poisoning in humans due to the grayanotoxin (GTX) compound in its structure. It is used by the public as a therapeutic for some diseases. It was aimed to study the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of RH in mouse bone-marrow and sperm cells by using three mammalian bioassays. 25, 50 and 75 mg kg(-1) concentrations of RH given to male mice via gavage for 24 and 48 h treatment periods and its active ingredient Grayanatoxin (GTX-III) 0.01 mg kg(-1) by i.p. injection. Chromosome aberrations (CA), polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE)/normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE), micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and sperm abnormalities were investigated. The results demonstrated that all the tested concentrations of RH significantly induced total abnormal cell frequency including chromosomal breaks for two time periods. In the MN assay, 75 mg kg(-1) RH and 0.01 mg kg(-1) GTX-III significantly increased % MNPCE and significantly reduced PCE/NCE ratios after 24 and 48 h treatments on mice demonstrating potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effect. Although there was a concentration-related increase in the percentage of total sperm abnormalities, this increase was not statistically significant compared to control. As a result, microscopic genotoxicity and cytotoxicity marker tests showed that RH and its active ingredient GTX-III have potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effect on mice bone marrow cells. It is understood that RH that is used to treat some diseases by public, should be handled carefully and used in a controlled manner.Öğe Protective Effects of Origanum onites and Its Components on Lead-Nitrate Induced Genotoxicity in Root Cells of Allium cepa L.(Acg Publications, 2024) Ugras, Serpil; Rasgele, Pinar Goc; Temizce, Semih; Emire, Zuhal; Dirmenci, TuncayThis study investigates the protective effects of components (Thymol; Thy, Carvacrol; Car, Linalool; Lin, and alpha-Pinene; AP) and essential oil of Origanum onites L. (O. onites-EO), against lead nitrate -induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in Allium cepa L. (A. cepa) root tip cells. These components obtained from O. onites were characterized by gas chromatography (GC). A. cepa bulbs were exposed to 6.25-12.5 mg/L concentrations of the O. onites-EO/components of O. onites-EO for analyses of induction of cytogenetic damage. Then, these bulbs were exposed to 10 mg/L concentrations of lead nitrate for analyses of the protective effects of O. onites and its components. Mitotic abnormalities were evaluated for genotoxicity, and mitotic index (MI) for cytotoxicity. As a result of this study, lead nitrate increased the total chromosomal abnormality amount in A. cepa, indicating genotoxicity. MI was decreased with lead nitrate. However, this effect was significantly improved by components of O. onites-EO. This effect was shown with the decrease in the number of chromosomal abnormalities and increase in MI rates in lead nitrate -induced root cells after exposure to the components of O. onites-EO. The protective effect of O. onites-EO components against the damage caused by lead nitrate in cells can be listed as alpha- Pinene > Thymol > Carvacrol > Linalool. Among all essential oil components tested, alpha-Pinene was determined to have the strongest protective effect. Furthermore, the protective effect of the essential oil, which contains all the components, could not be determined. It has been observed that the components of essential oil have different effects, and it can be said that these components suppress the effects of each other in the mixture where they are found together. In conclusion, this study shows that the components of O. onites-EO have a protective effect on lead nitrate -induced A. cepa root cells.
