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Öğe AMELIORATING EFFECT OF HAWTHORN (CRATAEGUS OXYACANTHA) AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON ACUTE PENICILLIN INDUCED SEIZURES IN GERBILS(African Networks Ethnomedicines, 2016) Çakır, Serkan; Orallar, Hayriye; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Kayacan, Yıldırım; Önal, Ali Can; Yıldırım, Arzu; Okur, NezihBackground: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) and physical activity. We studied its effect on penicillin induced epilepsy. in gerbils. Materal and Methods: Epilepsy was induced by administration of peniciline G (500 IU, ip). The gerbils were divided randomly in four groups (6 animals per each group) and studied as described below: 1) Control group 2) Exercise group (30 min/each day for 8 weeks) (Eg) 3) Extract group, 50mg/kg/day/animal in 1 ml saline, 3 h prior to exercise (Exe) 4) Exercise+ Extract + (Exe+ Ex). The severity of epilepsy was observed and recorded. Results: The means of latencies (Mean +/- SE) were 236 +/- 45, 369 +/- 36, 386 +/- 58 and 433 +/- 37 ms in groups of control, Exe, Ex, and Exe+ Ex respectively. The mean spike latency significantly (P= 0,033 F= 3,560) decreased in Exe, Ex and Exe+ Ex when compared control. Although spike frequency significantly (P< 0.05) diminished in groups of Exe and Ex, no significant decrease was observed in control and Exe+ Ex. Similar trend was seen for amplitude values. Spike amplitude values were determined to be significantly (P< 0.05) lower than those of control and Exe+ Ex. Conclusion: Crataegus oxyacantha extract has shown positive affect to ameliorate on some seizure parameters in this study. However, further more advanced physiologic and neurochemical studies are required to determine the mechanisms involved.Öğe Effect of ATP-dependent channel modulators on ischemia-induced arrhythmia change depending on age and gender(Royal Soc Medicine Press Ltd, 2013) Bozdoğan, Ömer; Kaya, Salih Tunç; Yaşar, Selçuk; Orallar, HayriyeThe number of ATP-dependent potassium channels in myocardial cells has been previously shown to change depending on gender and age. Different effects of the ATP-dependent potassium channel blocker, glybenclamide and ATP-dependent potassium channel opener, pinacidil on ischemia or reperfusion-induced arrhythmia observed in various research might depend on different ages and genders of the animals used. The aim of this study is to research the effect of ATP-dependent potassium channel modulators on ischemia-induced arrhythmia in animals of different ages and genders. Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages and genders were used in this study. Ischemia was produced by the ligation of the left coronary artery for 30 min. Electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure, infarct area and blood glucose were determined during the 30 min of ischemia. An arrhythmia score from an ECG recorded during 30 min of ischemia was determined by examining the duration and type of arrhythmia. Different effects of glybenclamide and pinacidil on the arrhythmias were observed in male and female young and middle-age rats. Pinacidil decreased the infarct zone in younger female rats, but differences in the type and length of ischemia-induced arrhythmias between females and males disappeared in older age. The results of this study showed that the effect of ATP-dependent potassium channel modulators on ischemia-induced arrhythmia changed due to the age and gender of rats.Öğe The Effect of Galanin and Exercise on Depression in Rats(Wiley, 2017) Beyazçiçek, Ersin; Mermerci, Asuman; Özmerdivenli, Recep; Beyazçiçek, Özge; Orallar, Hayriye; Sungur, Mehmet Ali…Öğe The Effects of Acute and Chronic Metformin Treatment on Penicillin Induced Epileptiform Activity in Rats(2022) Kılıç, Ümit; Beyazçiçek, Ersin; Orallar, Hayriye; Demir, Şerif; Beyazçiçek, ÖzgeObjective: The aim of this study is to investigate acute and chronic administered metformin on epileptiform activity induced by penicillin and antioxidant activity in rats. Methods: Eighty-four adult male Wistar albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into two large groups as acute and chronic groups, and later on each group was divided into different subgroups as control, sham, penicillin, metformin 100 mg/kg (Met_100), 200 mg/kg (Met_200) and only metformin 200 mg/kg (OMet_200) intraperitoneally. The substances were applied to the chronic groups for 21 days, while acute groups received them just before the initiation of epileptiform activity. In the present study, onset of first epileptiform activity, spike wave frequency and amplitude, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) parameters were evaluated. Results: No epileptiform activity was observed in the control, sham, and OMet_200 groups. When metformin doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg were compared with the penicillin group in both acute and chronic groups, the onset of first epileptiform activity was prolonged, spike wave frequency and spike wave amplitude decreased significantly. SOD, CAT and GPx levels were found to be significantly different in the acute and chronic metformin groups compared to the penicillin group. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study shows that metformin can decrease epileptic seizures and increase the level of antioxidant enzymes and it can be used in the treatment of epilepsy in the future.Öğe Effects of an Extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza on a Penicillin-Induced Epilepsy Model in Rats(Springer, 2015) Bahadır, Anzel; Demir, Şerif; Orallar, Hayriye; Beyazçiçek, Ersin; Öner, F.In a penciling-induced epilepsy model, Wistar rats (16 males, 16 females) were i.p. administered with an extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SmE; total dose 50 mg/kg) once a day for 15 days. The rats were divided into four equal groups, control and SmE-treated for each sex. After the treatment period, an epilepsy model was produced by penicillin G injection (500 IU) into the motor cortex; the electrocorticogram (EcoG) was recorded for 120 min, and statistical analysis was performed. In the male control group with penicillin-induced epilepsy, the spike frequency was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the female control group. The frequency values have been significantly (P < 0.01) increased within the observation period in the female SmE-treated group, while the respective values significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the analogous male group. There were insignificant differences in the amplitude values and latency to onset of the spike/wave events between female/male SmE and female/male control groups (P > 0.05). Thus, the SmE exerts anticonvulsant effects in the male rat group, while its effect should be characterized as proconvulsant in the female group in the penicillin-induced epilepsy model. The difference (related to the presence of estrogen analogs in the SmE) is determined by dissimilar hormonal backgrounds in males and females. The SmE may be considered as the base for development of anticonvulsant drugs for clinical therapy of epilepsy in the future.Öğe The Effects of Nigella Sativa Extract and Chronic Exercise Application on Penicillin-induced Epilepsy Model in Mongolian Gerbils(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Demir, Şerif; Orallar, Hayriye; Kayacan, Yıldırım; Çakır, Serkan; Yıldırım, Arzu; Beyazçiçek, Ersin…Öğe Effects of the ATP-dependent K (+)-channel effectors pinacidil and glibenclamide on liver tissue in an experimental model of epilepsy: A histopathological study(2022) Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Demir, Şerif; Düzcü, Selma Erdoğan; Orallar, HayriyeAim: It is known that most of the antiepileptic drugs have negative effects on the liver. Pinacidil is a nonselective opener of KATP channels, including the plasma membrane and mitochondria. Glibenclamide is an ATP -dependent K channel blocker ensuring the intake of calcium. Our aim in this experimental study was to examine the effects of pinacidil and glibenclamide on the liver tissue of rats with focal epilepsy. Method: Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats (2-4 months old, 200-250 gr) were used in the study. The rats were divided into 4 groups, 15 in each group. The groups were divided into control group, penicillin group, penicillin + pinacidil group and penicillin + glibenclamide group. The craniums of the rats in the control group were opened and normal saline was given; Penicillin (2 ?l 500 IU) was intracortically administered to other groups and an experimental epilepsy model was created. At the end of the study, liver tissue of rats was taken and evaluated in terms of vacuolar degeneration, lymphocyte infiltration, vascular congestion, sinusoidal dilatation, necrosis, and Kupffer cell proliferation, radial alignment of hepatic cords, central vein and portal vein dilatation in hepatocytes. Results: Venous congestion, cytoplasmic vacuolization, Kupffer cell proliferation, portal vein dilatation and necrosis were distinct in the group to which pinacidil was administered, and distortion was present in the radial sequence (p<0.001). In addition, inflammation, venous congestion and hepatocyte necrosis were found to be lower in the glibenclamide given group compared to the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: It can be suggested that pinacidil treatment caused negative results in liver histopathological parameters, whereas glibenclamide was more protective by reducing inflammation, venous congestion and hepatocyte necrosis.Öğe Gender Specificity of Genistein Treatment in Penicillin-Induced Epileptiform Activity in Rats(Springer, 2016) Bahadır, Anzel; Demir, Şerif; Orallar, Hayriye; Beyazçiçek, Ersin; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Ankaralı, Seyit; Ankaralı, HandanWe investigated gender-dependent differences of genistein (isoflavone phytoestrogen) treatment in a penicillin-induced experimental epilepsy rat model. Twenty-eight adult Wistar Albino rats (14 females and 14 males) were devided into four groups, control and genistein-treatmed males and females. Genistein (100 mu g/kg, i.p) or saline was given during 15 days before the electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings. The epileptiform activity was induced by penicillin G potassium salt (500 IU) injections into the left somatomotor cortex. Significant differences among the groups were found in the latency to onset of epileptiform activity. This value in the female control group was significantly longer than the latencies in the male control, male genistein, and female genistein groups (respectively, P = 0.002, 0.015, and 0.032). There were no significant differences regarding the spike/wave frequencies and amplitudes in epileptiform activity between female/male genistein and control groups within all observation intervals (P > 0.05). Thus, genistein exerts a proconvulsant effect in the penicillin-induced epilepsy model, and the effect demonstrates the clear gender specificity related to the specificity of hormonal backgrounds in males and females.Öğe Investigation of Anxiolytic Effects of Meprobamate for Pharmaceuticals Determination of a New Derivative of Mepronarilmate Composes(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Türkoğlu, Şule Aydın; Orallar, Hayriye; Ordu, Öznur Demir; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Coşkun, Hamit; Ayaz, Erol…Öğe Penicillin-Induced Epileptiform ECoG Activity in Gerbils: Effects of Physical Exercise and a Diospyros kaki Extract(Springer, 2016) Kayacan, Yıldırım; Bahadır, Anzel; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Orallar, Hayriye; Çakır, S.; Beyazçiçek, Ersin; Yıldırım, Arzu BirinciMongolian gerbils (28 males) were divided into four groups, control (C), treadmill-exercised (Ex), treated with the extract of Diospyros kaki (Dk), and exercised plus treated with the Dk extract (Ex+Dk). Animals of the respective groups were running-exercised for 30 min per day during 8 weeks, and the Dk extract (dose 20 mg/kg) was given by gavage during five days per week within the same period. After the treatment and exercise period, an epilepsy model was produced by penicillin G injection (500 IU) into the left somatomotor cortex, and the electrocorticogram (ECoG) was recorded during 120 min. The mean frequency of spike/wave complexes was significantly smaller in the Ex and Ex+Dk groups from the 65th min of the observation period and, in the Dk group, from the 75th min than the respective value in the C group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively). The differences in the amplitude values and latency to onset of the spike/wave events among all groups did not reach the significance level (P > 0.05). Thus, both the running exercise and Dk extract applications inhibit penicillin-induced epileptiform activity by altering the spike/wave frequency or severity of seizures observed in ECoG recordings. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of physical activity of different intensities and forms and to analyze the active compounds in the Dk extract.
