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Öğe A Review: Momordica charantia L.'s Biological Active Components and Its Potential Use in Traditional Therapies(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2020) Aydın, Gülşah; Kaya, ErtuğrulThe use of herbs for therapeutic purposes has been widespread since ancient times. In traditional treatments, plants are applied in a variety of forms, either directly or prepared by isolation and / or enrichment of biologically active ingredients. Momordica charantia L. (bitter melon) is a popular bush that has traditional use as a supplement in the treatment of various diseases with its rich bioactive ingredient content. The plant has common pharmacological potential, including antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antifertility, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antilipolytic, hypoglycemic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral and hepatoprotective activities. This review provides a short overview of the in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Momordica charantia.Öğe Acute intoxication cases admitted to the emergency department of a university hospital(Zhejiang Univ Sch Medicine, 2015) Kaya, Ertuğrul; Yılmaz, Aylin; Sarıtaş, Ayhan; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Baltacı, Davut; Kandiş, Hayati; Kara, İsmail HamdiBACKGROUND: This study aimed to describe the clinical and socio-demographic aspects of acute poisoning in 2010 in Duzce City, Northwest Anatolian Region of Turkey. METHODS: Acute poisoning was due to the intentional ingestion of drugs in young and adult people (>= 16), who were treated at the Emergency Service of Duzce University Medical Hospital, Turkey from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010. In this retrospective and descriptive study, 95 patients were diagnosed with intoxications and 30 of them intentionally ingested drugs to commit suicide. Records of the patients diagnosed with intoxication were obtained from the Clinical Archive of the hospital. Their diagnoses were established according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Codes X60-X84 of this classification were used to classify self-infringed drug injuries and drug poisoning. RESULTS: In this series, 35 (36.8%) patients were male and 60 patients (63.2%) female. The male/female ratio was 1.0/1.7. The mean age of the patients was 33.1 +/- 14.2 years; 17 (17.9%) patients were below 20 years old and 9 (9.5%) were older than 50 years. Of these patients, 29 (30.5%) were single, 7 (7.4%) divorced or separated, and 59 (62.1%) married. Their mean time for admission to the emergency service after the incident was 208 +/- 180 (15-660) minutes. The mean time for admission to the emergency service for patients with food intoxication after the incident was 142 +/- 160 minutes, for those with drug intoxication 173 +/- 161 minutes, for those with carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication 315 +/- 209 minutes, and for those with undefined intoxication 289 +/- 166 minutes (P=0.005). Most of the intoxication cases occurred in winter (41.1%, 39 of 95 patients). Admissions to the emergency service were most common in December and April (21 and 16 of 95 patients, respectively). Sixty-five (68.4%) cases were involved in non-deliberate poisoning, whereas 30 (31.6%) were involved in deliberate poisoning. Twenty-six of the 95 patients with acute poisonings had mortality risk at admission, however only one died from CO intoxication in the emergency service (1.1%). Suicide attempts were more common in females than in males (21 of 30 patients, 70%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In Duzce City of Turkey, most intoxication cases occurred in winter, especially in December. They had non-deliberate poisoning, but deliberate poisoning in suicide attempts was more common in females than in males.Öğe Allergic contact dermatitis to para-phenylenediamine in a tattoo: a case report(Informa Healthcare, 2013) Turan, Hakan; Okur, Mesut; Kaya, Ertuğrul; Gün, Emrah; Aliağaoğlu, CihangirIt is highly popular among children and young adults to have temporary henna tattoos on their bodies in different colors and figures. Henna is a greenish natural powder obtained from the flowers and dry leaves of Lawsonia alba plant and its allergenicity is very low. Henna is also used in combination with other coloring substances such as para-phenylenediamine in order to darken the color and create a permanent tattoo effect. Para-phenylenediamine is a substance with high allergenicity potential and may cause serious allergic reactions. Here, we aimed to draw attention to the potential harms of para-phenylenediamine containing temporary tattoos by presenting a child patient who developed allergic contact dermatitis after having a scorpion-shaped temporary tattoo on his forearm.Öğe Amanitin and phallotoxin concentration in Amanita phalloides var. alba mushroom(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2013) Kaya, Ertuğrul; Yılmaz, İsmail; Sinirlioğlu, Zeynep Aydın; Karahan, Selim; Bayram, Recep; Yaykaşlı, Kürşat Oğuz; Severoğlu, ZekiAlthough rarely seen, Amanita phalloides var. alba, a variety of A. phalloides type mushrooms, causes mushroom poisoning resulting in death. Since it is frequently confused with some edible mushrooms due to its white colored cap and macroscopic appearance, it becomes important in toxicological terms. Knowledge of the toxin amount contained in this mushroom type is invaluable in the treatment of cases involving poisoning. In this study, we examined the toxin levels of various parts of the A. phalloides var. alba mushroom growing Duzce region of Turkey. Toxin analyses were carried out for A. phalloides var. alba, which were collected from the forests Duzce region of Turkey in 2011, as a whole and also separately in its spore, pileus, gills, stipe and volva parts. The alpha amanitin, beta amanitin, gamma amanitin, phalloidin and phallacidine analyses of the mushrooms were carried out using the RP-HPLC method. A genetic analysis of the mushroom showed that it had similar genetic characteristics as A. phalloides and was a variety of it. The lowest toxins quantity was detected in spores, volva and stipe among all parts of the mushroom. The maximum amount of amatoxins was measured in the gills. The pileus also contained a high amount of amatoxins. Generally, amatoxins and phallotoxin concentrations were lower as compared to A. phalloides, but interestingly all toxins other than gamma toxin were higher in the spores of A. phalloides var. alba. The amount of toxin in all of its parts had sufficient concentrations to cause death. With this study, the amatoxin and phallotoxin concentrations in A. phalloides var. alba mushroom and in its parts have been revealed in detail for the first time. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Amatoxin and phallotoxin concentration in Amanita phalloides spores and tissues(Sage Publications Inc, 2015) Kaya, Ertuğrul; Karahan, Selim; Bayram, Recep; Yaykaşlı, Kürşat Oğuz; Çolakoğlu, Serdar; Sarıtaş, AyhanMost of the fatal cases of mushroom poisoning are caused by Amanita phalloides. The amount of toxin in mushroom varies according to climate and environmental conditions. The aim of this study is to measure -, -, and -amanitin with phalloidin and phallacidin toxin concentrations. Six pieces of A. phalloides mushrooms were gathered from a wooded area of Duzce, Turkey, on November 23, 2011. The mushrooms were broken into pieces as spores, mycelium, pileus, gills, stipe, and volva. -, -, and -Amanitin with phalloidin and phallacidin were analyzed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. As a mobile phase, 50 mM ammonium acetate + acetonitrile (90 + 10, v/v) was used with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. C18 reverse phase column (150 x 4.6 mm; 5 mu m particle) was used. The least amount of -amanitin toxins was found at the mycelium. The other toxins found to be in the least amount turned out to be the ones at the spores. The maximum amounts of amatoxins and phallotoxin were found at gills and pileus, respectively. In this study, the amount of toxin in the spores of A. phalloides was published for the first time, and this study is pioneering to deal with the amount of toxin in mushrooms grown in Turkey.Öğe Antiproliferative Effect of IST-GLIO® Supplement Food Product on C6 Glioma Cells(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2020) Yaşar, Mustafa; Saraç, Güliz; Ağyar Yoldaş, Pınar; Ağan, Aydan Fülden; Kaya, ErtuğrulObjective: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is characterized by the proliferation of abnormal cells. In recent years, as in the treatment of many diseases, there is also a return to nature in the treatment of cancer. In developing societies, the concepts such as prophylaxis of disease prevention rise to prominence in order to reduce the material and moral losses caused by disease treatment. Consequently, the use of supplementary food products occupies more and more space in daily life. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the antiproliferative properties of IST-GLIO® food supplement, which is one of these products and used in the Remember Regeneration Therapy Method (RTM), on C6 (rat glioma) cells.Material-Method: WST-1 cell proliferation test protocol was applied to examine the antiproliferative effect of IST-GLIO® and the results were evaluated according to ELISA microplate reading data. The product was tested at concentrations ranging from 1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL. Results: When the results were evaluated, it was appeared to be effective in the concentration range of 6-20 ng/mL on the C6 glioma cell culture; it was found that the efficacy didn’t occur through general toxicity, specifically reducing the reproduction of the cancer cells in question, since food supplement did not inhibit cell division further at higher doses.Conclusion: As a result, non-specific toxicity is observed in many cultures that are similarly investigated in cell cultures, depending on concentration as high doses are obtained. The IST-GLIO® product does not show this feature is considered as promising.Öğe Assessment of patients who presented to the emergency department with mushroom poisoning(Sage Publications Ltd, 2015) Çolak, Şahin; Kandiş, Hayati; Afacan, Mustafa Ahmet; Erdoğan, Mehmet Özgür; Güneş, Harun; Kaya, Ertuğrul; Sarıtaş, AyhanObjective: This study aimed to assess the demographic characteristics, emergency department (ED) complaints, laboratory findings, and latent phase periods of patients who presented to the ED due to mushroom poisoning (MP) as well as the efficacy of conventional and hemofiltration therapies. Method: The study was conducted on patients who presented to the ED with MP between 2010 and 2012. The patient's demographic characteristics, complaints at the ED, latent phases, laboratory findings, and treatments of MP cases were evaluated. Results: The mean age of patients was 38.03 15.96, where 63.8% of them were female and 36.2% were male. Visits occurred most frequently in the autumn (32.6%). When presenting to the ED, the most frequent complaint was nausea-vomiting. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), international normalised ratio (INR), and blood urea nitrogen values of patients with a latent phase between 0 h and 5 h were significantly lower than the values of patients with a latent phase between 6 h and 24 h. In this study, 62% of the patients (n = 36) had stomach lavage and received activated charcoal. Altogether, 55.2% of the patients had received conventional therapy, 37.9% of them received hemofiltration, and all of them received supportive treatment. The AST, ALT, and INR values of those who had received hemofiltration and conventional therapies were significantly higher than of those who received only supportive treatment (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Hemofiltration, in combination with conventional therapy, seems to be an effective treatment for reducing mortality in suspected MP cases involving late acting toxins.Öğe Assessment of the corrosion behaviour of untreated and chemically treated pure magnesium in simulated body fluid(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Gerengi, Hüsnü; Cabrini, Marina; Solomon, Moses M.; Kaya, ErtuğrulThe corrosion behaviour of pure Mg in simulated body fluid (SBF) and the effect of chemical treatment on the corrosion resistance property were investigated using DEIS (dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), PDP (potentiodynamic polarization), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), AFM (atomic force microscope), and pH measurement techniques for 30 h. NaOH or H2O2 were utilized for the chemical treatment. The DEIS was used for the first time in the investigation of Mg corrosion in SBF. Results obtained disclosed that the chemical treatment benefitted the anticorrosion property immensely. Results from both the electrochemical and surface analysis techniques are consistent.Öğe Association of omentin Val109Asp polymorphism with coronary artery disease(Turkish Soc Cardiology, 2014) Yörük, Ümit; Yaykaşlı, Kürşat Oğuz; Özhan, Hakan; Memişoğulları, Ramazan; Karabacak, Ahmet; Bulur, Serkan; Kaya, ErtuğrulObjective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most important morbidity and mortality disease in the world. It is also one of the leading causes of death in Turkey. Omentin, a recently found adipocytokine, is reported to regulate insulin sensitivity. It has anti-inflammatory properties and is inversely associated with CAD. Omentin gene polymorphism in patients with CAD has not been studied yet. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between omentin Val109Asp polymorphism and CAD. Methods: This is an observational study on genetic association. 157 consecutive patients who had undergone coronary angiography were included in the study. Seventy-five of them had CAD and the rest serves the control group. Val109Asp polymorphism was analyzed and compared. Chi-square test was used in comparison of genotype frequencies, whereas ANOVA and chi-square tests were used in comparison of clinical characteristics according to the genotypes. Results: There was no significant difference between CAD patients and control subjects regarding omentin Val109Asp polymorphism. However, a 2.5 fold increase in Val/Val (homozygous mutant) genotype was detected in patients with CAD. The OR (80% Cl) for Val/Val genotype was 3.46 (1.14-10.49). Conclusion: Although no significant difference was detected regarding omentin Val109Asp polymorphism, Val/Val genotype frequency was found to be more in patient group than control group. In conclusion, it may be speculated that Val/Val genotype increases the tendency for CAD, but this experiment should done with larger population to clarify this issue.Öğe Bazı Antidepresan ve Antiepileptik İlaçların İnsan Kanında Eş Zamanlı Analizi için LC-MS/MS Yöntemi Geliştirilmesi(2019) Temel, Mehmet Kamil; Aksu, Osman; Kaya, Ertuğrul; Dönmez, Mert; Ergun, ÜmitBu çalışmada, sık kullanılan antidepresan ilaç etken maddeleri olan Paroksetin, Sitolapram, Essitolapram,Venlafaksin ile antiepileptik ilaç etken maddeleri olan Karbamazepin ve Oxkarbamazepin moleküllerinin tayiniiçin, insan kanında Sıvı Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometresi (LC-MS/MS) cihazı ile basit, hızlı ve güvenilirolan bir metot geliştirilmiştir. Her bir ilaç etken maddesi için geri kazanım, doğruluk, yüzde bağıl standart sapma(%RSD), gözlenebilme sınırı (LOD) ve alt tayin sınırı (LOQ) gibi bazı analitik parametrelerin belirlenip,ölçülebilir en düşük değerlerin yüksek hassasiyet ile en kısa sürede eş zamanlı olarak yapılması amaçlanmıştır.Etken maddelerin her biri için belirlenen konsantrasyonlarda; LOD değerleri 0,06-0,36 ng.mL-1, LOQ değerleriise 0,21-1,21 ng.mL-1aralığında elde edilmiştir. Gün içi tekrarlanabilirlik değerlerinde %RSD sonuçları 0,15-10,71 ng.mL-1, günler arası tekrarlanabilirlik değerlerinde ise %RSD sonuçları 0,23-13,75 ng.mL-1 aralığındabulunmuştur.Öğe Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Associated with Tamoxifen Use(Informa Healthcare, 2013) Önder, Halil İbrahim; Kılıç, Ali Çağrı; Köse, Seyit Ali; Karataş, Ahmet; Kaya, Ertuğrul; Kaya, Murat; Tunç, MuratTamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used in the treatment of hormone-responsive breast cancer. Tamoxifen-induced ocular complications are very rare. A post-menopausal woman with carcinoma of the left breast had presented with sudden loss of vision. The patient had been on tamoxifen therapy 20 mg daily for the last three years. Fundus examination showed left branch retinal vein occlusion. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography confirmed the diagnosis. Tamoxifen therapy was discontinued. Although branch retinal vein occlusion is rare, careful evaluation of patients on tamoxifen therapy with visual symptoms is required.Öğe Caffeine Levels in Turkish Coffee and Some Beverages Sold in Turkey(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2013) Hancı, Mustafa; Bayram, Sait; Karahan, Selim; Kaya, Ertuğrul; Bakırcı, SinanAim: Caffeine has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system functions and are includednaturally in beverages such as tea and coffee while it is added later some beverages such ascola. Different amounts of caffeine are consumed with these drinks in many countries. Inparticular, the amount of caffeine in Turkish coffee is not clear. In our study, caffeine levelswere measured at beverages and Turkish coffee from different markets in Turkey.Method: Three samples were collected from each of teas, coffees, Turkish coffee, soft drinksand energy drinks at beverages sold different brands and forms. After maintainingstandardization in the preparation of beverages, the amounts of caffeine were analyzed withultraviolet determination method by HPLC.Results:The highest concentration of caffeine in drinks in the measurement was found to bethe Turkish coffee (858mg/L). Caffeine levels were measured in normal tea 840 mg/L ,in solublecoffee 509 mg/L, in tea bags 218 mg/L, in coke 148 mg/L and in energy drinks 169 mg/L.Discussion and Conclusion: Caffeine containing drinks are consumed through the entire lifefrom childhood to senescence. Received moderate amounts of caffeine provide positive benefitssuch as increased motivation, alertness, self-feeling energetic. Furthermore gradually with theincrease of amount consumed caffeine cause unwanted symptoms such as headache,nervousness. Therefore the knowledge of amount caffeine at daily use drinks in a country isimportant for health of consumersÖğe A Case Study: Rare Lepiota brunneoincarnata Poisoning(Elsevier Science Inc, 2015) Köse, Murat; Yılmaz, İsmail; Akata, Ilgaz; Kaya, Ertuğrul; Güler, KerimAmatoxin poisoning from the genus Lepiota may have a deadly outcome, although this is not seen as often as it is from the genus Amanita. In this report, we present a patient who was poisoned by a sublethal dose of Lepiota brunneoincarnata mushrooms. The patient was hospitalized 12 hours after eating the mushrooms. The patient's transaminase levels increased dramatically starting on day 4. Aspartate transaminase peaked at 78 hours. Starting at 1265 IU/L, alanine transaminase peaked at 90 hours at 5124 IU/L. The patient was discharged on day 8 to outpatient care, and his transaminase levels returned to normal ranges in the subsequent days. A toxin analysis was carried out on the mushrooms that the patient claimed to have eaten. Using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, an uptake of approximately 19.9 mg of amatoxin from. nearly 30 g of mushrooms was calculated. This consisted of 10.59 mg of alpha-amanitin, 9.18 mg of beta-amanitin, and 0.16 mg of gamma-amanitin In conclusion, we present a patient from Turkey who was poisoned by L. brunneoincamata mushrooms.Öğe A Case Study: What Doses of Amanita phalloides and Amatoxins Are Lethal to Humans?(Elsevier Science Inc, 2015) Yılmaz, İsmail; Ermiş, Fatih; Akata, Ilgaz; Kaya, ErtuğrulThere are few data estimating the human lethal dose of amatoxins or of the toxin level present in ingested raw poisonous mushrooms. Here, we present a patient who intentionally ingested several wild collected mushrooms to assess whether they were poisonous. Nearly 1 day after ingestion, during which the patient had nausea and vomiting, he presented at the emergency department. His transaminase levels started to increase starting from hour 48 and peaking at hour 72 (alanine aminotransferase 2496 IU/L; aspartate aminotransferase 1777 IU/L). A toxin analysis was carried out on the mushrooms that the patient said he had ingested. With reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, an uptake of approximately 21.3 mg amatoxin from nearly 50 g mushroom was calculated; it consisted of 11.9 mg alpha amanitin, 8.4 mg beta amanitin, and 1 mg gamma amanitin In the urine sample taken on day 4, 2.7 ng/mL alpha amanitin and 1.25 ng/mL beta amanitin were found, and there was no gamma amanitin. Our findings suggest that the patient ingested approximately 0.32 mg/kg amatoxin, and fortunately recovered after serious hepatotoxicity developed.Öğe Chemical, Electrochemical, and Surface Morphological Studies of the Corrosion Behavior of the AZ31 Alloy in Simulated Body Fluid: Effect of NaOH and H2O2 Surface Pretreatments on the Corrosion Resistance Property(Amer Chemical Soc, 2022) Gerengi, Hüsnü; Cabrini, Marina; Solomon, Moses M.; Kaya, Ertuğrul; Gritti, Luca; Yola, Mehmet LutfiMagnesium and its alloys have attracted attention for biomedical implant materials in dental and orthopedic applications because of their biodegradability and similar properties to human bones. The very high rate of degradation in the physiological systems is, however, a major setback to their utilization. Chemical modification is one of the approaches adopted to enhance the corrosion resistance property of Mg and its alloys. In this work, NaOH and H2O2 were used as a pretreatment procedure to improve the corrosion resistance of the AZ31 Mg alloy in simulated body fluid (SBF). Advanced techniques such as dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (dynamic-EIS), atomic force microscopy, and optical profilometry were used in addition to the classical mass loss, hydrogen evolution, EIS, and polarization techniques to study the corrosion resistance property of the alloy in SBF for 30 h. Results obtained show that the surface treatment significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance property of the alloy. From dynamic-EIS at 30 h, the charge transfer resistance of the untreated AZ31 Mg alloy is 432.6 omega cm(2), whereas 822.7 and 2617.3 omega cm(2) are recorded for NaOH-and H2O2-treated surfaces, respectively. H2O2 is a better treatment reagent than NaOH. The mechanism of corrosion of both untreated and treated samples in the studied corrosive medium has been discussed.Öğe Clinical importance of toxin concentration in Amanita verna mushroom(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Yılmaz, İsmail; Kaya, Ertuğrul; Sinirlioğlu, Zeynep Aydın; Bayram, Recep; Sürmen, Mustafa Gani; Çolakoğlu, SerdarPoisoning from Amanita group of mushrooms comprises approximately 3% of all poisonings in our country and their being responsible for nearly the entire fatal mushroom poisonings makes them important. These mushrooms contain primarily two types of toxins, amatoxins and phallotoxins. Phallotoxins have a more limited toxicity potential and they primarily consist of phalloidin (PHN) and phallacidin (PCN). Amatoxins, on the other hand, are very toxic and they primarily consist of alpha-amanitin (AA), beta-amanitin (BA) and gamma-amanitin (GM. Toxin levels can vary among various species, even among varieties of the same species, of Amanita mushroom family. Revealing the differences between the toxin compositions of the Amanita species that grow in our region may contribute to the clinics of poisonings. Our study aims at showing in detail the toxin levels in various parts of Amanita verna mushroom. A. verna mushrooms needed for toxin analysis were collected from Kozak Plateau near Ayvalik county of Balikesir, Turkey in April 2013. The mushrooms were divided into their parts as pileus, gills, stripe and volva. Following the procedures required before the analysis, the AA, BA, GA, PHN and PCN levels were measured using the RP-HPLC method. While the lowest level of amatoxin was in the volva of the mushroom, the highest was measured in the gills. This was followed by pileus and stripe where the levels were close to each other. Similarly, the highest level of phallotoxin was measured in the gills. Gamma toxin and phalloidin were at lower amounts than the other toxins. A. verna is frequently confused with edible mushrooms with white caps due to its macroscopic similarity. If just one of them is eaten by mistake by an adult person with no mushroom experience, it can easily poison them. The amount of amatoxin is more as compared to Amanita phalloides and A. phalloides var. alba. Particularly, the AA and BA levels are approximately three times higher, whereas GA levels are lower. Similarly, the level of PCN is approximately four times higher as compared to A. phalloides and A. phalloides var. alba; by contrast, the level of PNH is about a half of theirs. In summary, it can be said that A. verna is a more toxic mushroom than A. phalloides and has a higher rate of mortality. With our study, the amatoxin and phallotoxin concentrations and distribution in A. verna mushrooms were shown in detail for the first time and it would be useful to carry out more similar studies with other members of Amanita family growing in various parts of the world. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Comparison of Changes in Anxiety and Depression Level Between Dabigatran and Warfarin Use in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation(Sage Publications Inc, 2017) Türker, Yasin; Ekinözü, İsmail; Aytekin, Seda; Türker, Yasemin; Başar, Cengiz; Baltacı, Davut; Kaya, ErtuğrulWe hypothesized that patients taking warfarin require frequent hospital follow-up and they are at higher risk for complications, so the incidence of depression and anxiety is higher in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the period of taking warfarin compared to the period of taking dabigatran. Fifty patients having AF without valvular diseases under treatment of warfarin in whom a transition to dabigatran was planned were consecutively enrolled in this study and followed up prospectively between July 2013 and July 2014. All patients completed Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS) at the initiation of study and 6 months after initiation of study. Of the patients enrolled in the study, age, gender, smoking status, and comorbidities were questioned. A total of 50 patients (28 women; mean age 74.6 +/- 8.7 years) treated with warfarin in whom a transition to dabigatran was planned were included. Basal mean value of BDS (15.6 +/- 7.8 vs 11.5 +/- 4.8, P < .001) and HAS (16.8 +/- 10.4 vs 12.6 +/- 8.1, P < 0.001) was significantly higher in patients when they used warfarin than when they switched to dabigatran. In categorical analysis, frequency of patients with depression (mild, moderate, and severe) was significantly higher in period of warfarin use than after dabigatran transition (n = 24, 48% vs n = 14, 28%, P = .039). Our study demonstrates that patients with nonvalvular AF under treatment of dabigatran had lower BDS and HAS scores compared to warfarin. These findings suggest that dabigatran may increase quality of life and decrease morbidity and mortality due to reduction in anxiety and depression.Öğe Congenital Long QT Syndrome Referred with Sudden Cardiac Arrest(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2014) Gür, Mücahit; Kutlucan, Leyla; Kandiş, Hayati; Türker, Yasin; Aydın, Leyla Yılmaz; Dikici, Süber; Kaya, ErtuğrulThe long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterized with arrhythmic attacks, repeating syncopes,seizures, and ventricular arrhythmias leading to sudden death. Arrhythmias with a potential ofmortal course develop due to elongation of ventricular repolarization, either acquired or inborn.Herein the present paper, a case of congenital LQTS, admitted after a sudden cardiac arrest andtotally recovered with implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD), was focused onÖğe Dermal absorption and toxicity of alpha amanitin in mice(Informa Healthcare, 2014) Kaya, Ertuğrul; Sürmen, Mustafa Gani; Yaykaşlı, Kürşat Oğuz; Karahan, Selim; Oktay, Murat; Turan, Hakan; Erdem, HavvaThe fungus Amanita phalloides is known to contain two main groups of toxins: amanitins and phallotoxins. The amanitins group effectively blocks the RNA polymerase II enzyme found in eukaryotic cells. As alpha amanitin has a lethal effect on the majority of eukaryotic cells, it can be valuable as an antiparasitic or antifungal drug. It can be used externally against ectoparasites. It is critical that percutaneous applications of the alpha amanitin toxin are not harmful to the recipient. In this study, the absorption and the toxicity of percutaneous and intraperitoneal (ip) applications of 1 mg/kg alpha amanitin to mice were compared. Potential skin, liver and kidney toxicities were investigated through pathological examination. HPLC analysis was used to determine the amount of the toxin. No toxicity or toxin were found in the skin, liver, or kidneys of the mice in the control group. Interestingly, the percutaneous application group also showed no toxicity, and the toxin was not present in this group. After 24 h, Councilman-like bodies and pyknotic cells were observed in the mice in which alpha amanitin was applied intraperitoneally, demonstrating the presence of toxicity. Peak levels of alpha amanitin (mu g/mL) in the liver, kidney, and blood in the ip application group were measured at 3.3 (6 h), 0.2 (6 h) and 1.2 (1 h), respectively. The results demonstrated that the toxin was not absorbed through the skin of the mice and that the percutaneous application of alpha amanitin did not have any toxic effects. Thus, alpha amanitin may be administered percutaneously for therapeutic purposes.Öğe Determination of histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical effects of acute and chronic grayanotoxin III administration in different doses in rats(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Doğanyiğit, Züleyha; Silici, Sibel; Demirtaş, Abdullah; Kaya, Ertuğrul; Kaymak, EminGrayanotoxin (GTX)-III is a Na-channel neurotoxin. Grayanotoxins can be found in the nectar, pollen, and other plant parts of the Rhododendron genus plants from the Ericaceae family. It is widely believed that honey produced from these plants, which are concentrated in the Black Sea region, is traditionally characterized as enhancing sexual performance. It is thought that the effective factor is dose for this compound, which has both beneficial and toxic effects reported. Therefore, it is aimed to evaluate the histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical effects of acute and chronic impact of GTX-III in different doses on testes tissue in this study. For this purpose, 100 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 5 separate groups for acute and chronic research. While dose groups were (control, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, ve 0.8g/kg/bw) for experimental groups, a single dose (i.p.) was administered for acute impact whereas the same doses were administered daily for 3weeks to assess chronic effect. At the end of the experiment, Johnsen testicular biopsy scoring was performed on testicular tissue samples, seminiferous tubule diameters were measured, and apoptotic cells were evaluated by TUNEL method. Testosterone, LH, and FSH levels were measured by ELISA method in serum and tissue specimens. It was found that Johnsen score of acute doses was significantly lower than the control group, and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules decreased significantly in acute and chronic dose-administered groups compared to the control. Hemorrhage, epithelial shedding, irregularity in seminiferous epithelium, and vacuolization were observed in acute and chronic dose-administered groups, and increase in apoptotic cells was determined. Hormone levels varied depending on the dose. In conclusion, it was found that dose-dependent acute and chronic effects of GTX-III are different, and this factor should be taken into account in studies to be carried out due to the adverse effects of high doses.
