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Öğe Anti-Staphylococcal Activity of Verbascum thapsus L. against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(Duzce Univ, 2017) Dülger, Görkem; Tütenocaklı, Tülay; Dülger, BaşaranObjective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the anti-Staphylococcal activity of ethanol extract obtained from leaves of Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae) plant. Methods: The anti-Staphylococcal activity of the extract of ethanol extracted from the leaves of Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae) was investigated against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria by Agarwell diffusion method and microdilution method. Results: The ethanol extract showed antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains (MIC < 1024 mu g/mL). When compared with Methicillin and Gentamicin, the extract was more effective against MRSA strains. Conclusion: The use of Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae) as an anti-Staphylococcal agent has been found to be appropriate in vitro and should be performed in vivo.Öğe Antibacterial activity of Codium fragile on common fish pathogens(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2014) Dülger, Görkem; Dülger, BaşaranMethanol, dichloromethane and hexane extracts of Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot (Chlorophyta) were tested for antibacterial activity against common fish pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia ruckeri, Streptococcus agalactia and Enterococcus faecalis) by microdilution method. The hexane extract of the alga has shown a strong antibacterial activity as MIC and MBC against Aeromonas hydrophila at 64 (>128) ?g/mL concentrations and Yersinia ruckeri at 128 (128) ?g/mL concentrations, respectively. While methanol extracts showed weak antibacterial activity against all bacterial pathogens, the dichloromethane extracts showed activity against the test microorganisms. The results demonstrate that the hexane extract of the alga has significant antibacterial activity and suggest that it may be useful in the treatment of bacterial fish diseases.Öğe Antibacterial Activity of Verbascum antinori(Duzce Univ, 2018) Dülger, Başaran; Dülger, GörkemObjective: In current study, biological screening of the methanol extract obtained from Verbascum antinori Boiss. et Heldr. (Scrophulariaceae) was carry out on antibacterial effects. Methods: Antibacterial activity of the extract was evaluated for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Klebsiella pneumoniae UC57, Micrococcus luteus CCM 169, Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 by disk diffusion method. Results: The extract has potential effect against the Gram-positive bacteria, but no activity was observed against the Gram-negative bacteria used in the present study. Conclusions: On the basis of the mentioned results, V. antinori may be a potential source of antibacterial agent.Öğe Antifungal Activity of Hypericum havvae Against Some Medical Candida Yeast and Cryptococcus Species(Pharmacotherapy Group, 2014) Dülger, Görkem; Dülger, BaşaranPurpose: To investigate the antifungal activities. of the individual as well as the combined hydroalcohol leaf and root extracts of endemic Hypericum havvae A. Guner (Hyperiaceae). Methods: Each dry powdered plant material (20 g) was soaked in 150 ml of aqueous ethanol (50: 50 % v/v) until complete saturation of the plant material. After the extracts were filtered and evaporated, the antifungal activity of the extracts was tested against medical yeast, Candida (C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. tropicalis ATCC 13808, C. guilliermondii ATCC 6260) and Cryptococcus (C. neoformans ATCC 90112 and C. laurentii 34142) species by visual broth microdilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was derived from the results. Ketoconazole was used as the reference standard. Results: MIC values ranged from 3.12 to 25.00 mg/ml. The extracts exhibited strong antifungal effect against the yeast cultures but the combination of the plant extracts (leaf + root) possessed stronger antifungal potency against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus laurentii, with the same MIC value of 1.56 mg/ml. Conclusion: Our findings support the use of Hypericum havvae in traditional medicine for the treatment of fungal infections, especially Candidiasis.Öğe Antifungal Activity of Soil Streptomyces Isolates Against Cryptococcus neoformans(2021) Dülger, Başaran; Dülger, GörkemIn this study, 26.5% of 128 different isolates of Streptomyces recovered from soils in Duzce province, Turkey showed antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90112. Considering the diameter of the inhibition zone formed on the agar plate, isolates were divided into four sections: section 1 (5-10 mm, slightlyactive); section 2 (11-15 mm, moderately-active), section 3 (16-25 mm, highly-active) and section 4 (26-35 mm, ultra-active). It is determined that 3 isolates in section 4 may be a source of novel antibiotic against Cryptococcosis.Öğe Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Corydalis solida(2022) Dülger, GörkemAim: The present study, it was aimed to evaluate the bioactive properties of Corydalis solida. Material and Methods: In the study, the anticancer activity of ethanolic extracts prepared from C. solida was determined on HCT116 colon cancer, AGS gastric cancer and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and HUVEC cells, healthy control cell line. Well diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial properties of solida. For this purpose, ethanolic extracts were used for antimicrobial activity against four bacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella oxytoca) and three yeast strains (Candida albicans, C. tropicalis and C .glabrata). Results: Corydalis solida plant extract produced significant antiproliferative effect in HCT116 (colon cancer), AGS (gastric cancer) and HepG2 (liver cancer) cell lines. This effect was more remarkable in the HepG2 cell line. In addition, negligible cell death in HUVEC cells indicated that the plant was not toxic to healthy cells. Plant extract application also caused significant Caspase-3, 8 and 9 activation in HepG2 and HCT116 cells, consistent with the antiproliferative effect. Antimicrobial studies have shown that the extract made inhibition zone on bacteria. Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that the ethanol extract of Corydalis solida had anticancer effect. In addition, the extract had inhibitory properties on bacteria. The data obtained from the study are qualified to support further pharmacological studies.Öğe Antimicrobial, Antiproliferative Effects and Docking Studies of Methoxy Group Enriched Coumarin-Chalcone Hybrids(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Badreddin Musatat, Ahmad; Kılıçcıoğlu, İlker; Kurman, Yener; Dülger, Görkem; Alpay, Merve; Yağcı, Ravza; Atahan, AlparslanMethoxy group enriched eight coumarin-chalcone hybrid derivatives were synthesized. Antimicrobial/ antiproliferative activities were tested against eight human pathogenic microorganisms and four cancer cell lines (AGS, HepG2, MCF-7 and PC-3), respectively. Antimicrobial results showed that most of the compounds were almost more active than used standard antibiotics. Cytotoxicity results showed that 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl and thiophene containing structures have promising antiproliferative effects against AGS gastric cell lines with ?5 ?g/ml IC50 values. At the same time, 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl bearing derivative exhibited the lowest IC50 values against HepG2 (?10 ?g/ml) and PC-3 (?5 ?g/ml) cell lines. Particularly, the cell viabilities of MCF-7 cell lines were remarkably inhibited by all the compounds with lower IC50 values. Therefore, molecular docking studies between hybrid ligands and quinone reductase-2 enzyme (regulates in MCF-7 cancer cells) were performed. The results demonstrated that all the derivatives can smoothly interact with interested enzyme in agreement with the experimental results. Finally, ADME parameters were studied to reveal drug-likeness potentials of the coumarin-chalcone hybrids. © 2023 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.Öğe Castor oil-based graft copolymers: synthesis, characterization antimicrobial activity and antiproliferative effects against breast cancer cell lines(Springer, 2022) Allı, Sema; Dülger, Görkem; Kılıççıoğlu, İlker; Allı, Abdulkadir; Dülger, BaşaranCastor oil was autoxidized for three months to obtain macroperoxide castor oil (PCO). Since this polymeric oil has peroxide groups and hydroxyl groups, free-radical polymerization (FRP), ring-opening polymerization, and one-pot polymerization both free-radical polymerization (FRP) and ring-opening polymerization in one step methods were used to synthesis of various types of the graft copolymers. PCO-g-Polystyrene, PCO-g-Poly(methyl acrylate), and PCO-g-Poly(tert-buytl acrylate) were synthesized using the free-radical polymerization method. PCO-g-Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) graft copolymer was obtained via ring-opening polymerization, and PCO-g-Polystyrene-g-Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) graft copolymer was obtained using one-pot polymerization method. All graft copolymers obtained were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 NMR), Fourier-transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and elemental analysis. After the synthesis of castor oil-based copolymers, we determined the antimicrobial effects of them as well as the antiproliferative effects on breast cancer cell lines. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using the disc diffusion method and the dilution method. As a result of antimicrobial activity, the compounds showed moderate antimicrobial effects on microorganisms compared to standard antibiotics. In particular, the compounds have shown more antibacterial activity than antifungal activity. We also observed a prominent antiproliferative effect of synthesized compounds depending on increasing doses (1-25 mu g/mL) and times (24-48 h) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.Öğe DETERMINATION OF THE PRESENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS IN SPRING WATERS IN DUZCE, TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Dülger, Görkem; Uğraş, Serpil; Dülger, BaşaranThis study aimed to investigate the presence of Francisella tularensis in the spring waters of Duzce. Water samples were collected at regular monthly intervals from 20 different stations between November 2015 and November 2016. Membrane filtration method was used for water sample filtration. In a culture study, glucose cysteine blood agar selective medium was used for F. tularensis isolation. The Tu14 primer, specific to F. tularensis, was used in PCR for molecular identification. F. tularensis was isolated from 2 of the 240 water samples. Antibiotic susceptibility of F. tularensis was determined by disk diffusion method using doxycycline, erythromycin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, meropenem, tobramycin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin and imipenem antibiotics.The highest efficacy was demonstrated by Ciprofloxacin.Öğe Evaluating antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity of endemic Phlomis russeliana from Turkey and its antiproliferative effect on Human Caco-2 Cell Lines(Acad Brasileira De Ciencias, 2019) Alpay, Merve; Dülger, Görkem; Şahin, İbrahim E.; Dülger, BaşaranIn this study, the antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activity of ethanol extracts obtained from Phlomis russeliana (Sims.) Lag. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) were evaluated. Disc diffusion and microdilution methods were used to test the extracts for antimicrobial activity against seven bacteria strains (Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Escherichia coli ATCC 10538, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6899, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and four yeast strains (Kluyveromyces fragilis ATCC 8608, Rhodotorula rubra ATCC 70403, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238 and Candida albicans ATCC 10239). Notably, they were more effective against the yeast strains than the bacterial strains. Of the yeast cultures, D. hanseii was among the most susceptible, having an inhibition zone of 16.2 mm with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of 64(128)mu g/ml, respectively. For cytotoxic determination, Caco-2 cells were cultured as per ATCC protocol, and were treated with log concentrations (5-80 mg/ml) of P. russeliana. The potency of cell growth inhibition for each extract was expressed as an IC50 value. Moreover, oxidant capacity was evaluated via TOC assay. This product induced antiproliferative activity of 31.33% at 40 mg/nil and 20.96% at 80 mg/ml, without toxic effects on cells, although the oxidant capacity was decreased to 27.06 +/- 0.7 nm in the 80 mg/nilapplied group compared to 47.9 +/- 1.8 mn in the untreated one. Advanced pharmacological studies are needed to further evaluate P. russeliana for distinctive features.Öğe FIRST REPORT OF ENTEROBACTER LUDWIGII AND AVERYELLA DALHOUSIENSIS FROM WELL WATERS IN KONYA/TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Dülger, Görkem; Bircan, Duygu; Dülger, BaşaranIn this study, while doing research about the microbiological quality of 20 different well water samples which are used for drinking and domestic water by people in Kapakli (Ilgin- Konya/Turkey) between March-May 2015, it was aimed to determine the existence of motile Aeromonas in three well water samples which has the maximum total coliform number (>1100 MNP/100 mL). Yellow colonies which came into existence in consequence of incubation for 24-48 hours at 25-27 degrees C in GSP agar which is its selective medium were evaluated as suspicious Aeromonas sp. Colony, and they were put to oxidase test and gram staining. As a result of oxidase test, the water which was supposed to be positive (+) came out as oxidase negative (-). Therewith, 16S rRNA sequence analysis was done in order to classify suspicious colonies. In consequence of the sequence analysis, it was found out that the bacteria species which created yellow colony in GSP medium were Enterobacter ludwigii, Averyella dalhousiensis and Enterobacter aerogenes, respectively. In the comparison of sequence via BLAST it was determined that 99% of the sample 3 has nucleotide similarity to Enterobacter ludwigii, 99% of the sample 5 has nucleotide similarity to Averyella dalhousiensis, and 99% of the sample 10 has nucleotide similarity to Enterobacter aerogenes. According to the results, Enterobacter ludwigii and Averyella dalhousiensis were put on the record for the first time in Turkey via this study.Öğe First Report on Bio-accessibility, Anti-oxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Compounds From Stachys thirkei C. Koch Using A Simulated In Vitro Digestion System(2022) Dülger, Görkem; Rasgele, Pınar Göç; Aydın, EmineIt is of great importance to detect the anti-oxidant features of plants, particularly those used for food, pharmacology and medicinal purposes. Stachys thirkei C. Koch belonging to Lamiaceae family is utilised as a medicinal aromatic plant in Turkey. It was aimed to investigate the total phenolic content (TPC), anti-oxidant activity and bio-accessibility of S. thirkei C. Koch. The TPC was evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric proce-dure and antioxidant activity to determine four distinctive assays (ABTS•+, CUPRAC, DPPH• and FRAP). The experimental analysis showed that, the levels of hydrolysable phenolics (1538.99 mg of GAE/100g) approximately three and a half fold higher than extractable phenolics (422.96 mg of GAE/100g). The TPC of S. thirkei C. Koch was determined to be 1961.95 mg of GAE/100g. Moreover, the bio-accessible fractions and phenolic bio-accessibility of S. thirkei C. Koch were found to be 1766.72 ?mol Trolox/g and 90.05 %, respectively. At the same time, the antioxidative bio-accessibility of S. thirkei C. Koch was found to be higher in FRAP method (1164.29 ?mol Trolox/g) and also the bio-accessibility (%) of S. thirkei C. Koch was found to be higher in CUPRAC method (93.41%). Present investigation is the primary report to investigate the bio-accessibility of the extracts from S. thirkei C. Koch. The results of the present may be strong scientific evidence to use S. thirkei C. Koch as a favorable source of antioxidant and the researches can be further extended to investigate whether they exhibit similar activities in in vivo systems.Öğe Heavy Metal Biosorption and Plasmid Profiles of Heavy Metal Resistance Bacteria isolated from Soil Samples of Thermal power, Canakkale, Turkey(Research Journal Biotechnology, 2017) Dülger, Görkem; Akı, CüneytThe aim of this study is to investigate the isolation, characterization, determination of plasmid contents and metal absorption capacities of heavy metal-resistant bacteria from soil samples of thermal power. Samples were collected from soil in the area of thermal power. To define the resistance of heavy metal, metal solutions of ZnCl2, FeCl3 6 center dot H2O, Pb(NO3)(2) and CuSO4 in varying concentrations were added to culture media by using MIC method. The bacteria of highest MIC level were defined through VITEK 2 system and their plasmid profiles were determined. The metal biosorption capacities of two isolates were defined through ICP-AES. In total, 37 heavy metal resistant bacteria were isolated from soil samples. Results showed that 15 of them contained plasmid DNA. Finally, biosorption experiments with two isolates with the highest metal resistance were performed. While the metal having the highest growing speed of biosorption among Fe, Zn, Pb and Cu metals which were used in this study for Bacillus mycoides (isolate 26) is Zn, it is followed by Pb, Fe and Cu orderly. While the metal having the highest growing speed of biosorption for Enterobacter cloacea complex (isolate 10) is Pb, it is followed by Zn, Fe and Cu orderly.Öğe Investigation of plasmid mediated AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates by phenotypic and genotypic(Pakistan Medical Assoc, 2019) Çalışkan, Emel; Coşkun, Umut Safiye Say; Dülger, Görkem; Kılınçel, Özge; Ankaralı, Handan; Şahin, İdrisObjective: To investigate the susceptibility and specificity of the phenotypic methods to determine plasmid-mediated AmpC. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Duzce University Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Laboratory from January 2015 to June 2016, and comprised Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia isolates intermediate susceptible or resistant to cefoxitine. Combined disk diffusion test, double disc synergy test, agar gradient test and polymerase chain reaction were used to detect plasmid-mediated AmpC. Results: Of the 2024 E. coli samples, 44(2.17%), and of the 792 K. pneumoniae samples, 16(2%) were included. Combined disk diffusion test had susceptibility of 68% and specificity of 50%; double disc synergy test 24% and 82%; and agar gradient test 40% and 68%. Of the isolates positively detected by polymerase chain reaction method, more than one gene region positivity was detected in 15(25%) isolates. Conclusion: All three phenotypic methods were found to be insufficient to detect plasmid-mediated AmpC positivity.Öğe Istranca Meşesinin (Quercus hartwissiana Steven) Nozokomiyal Patojenlere Karşı Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesi(2018) Akkuş, Adem; Çalışkan, Emel; Kılınçel, Özge; Dülger, GörkemAmaç: Bu çalışmada, Istranca meşesi (Quercus hartwissiana Steven) kabuğu ekstraktlarının bakteriyelve fungal patojenlere karşı antimikrobiyal aktivitesini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Istranca meşesinin, etanol, formaldehit, aseton, etil asetat ve metanol çözücüleriile ekstraksiyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu ekstraktlardan 50 µl alınarak steril disklere emdirildiktensonra ekstraktlarda bulunan çözücülerin sonucu etkilememesi amacıyla diskler 24 saat steril ortamdakurutulmuştur. Disk difüzyon yöntemiyle Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichiacoli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., metisilin dirençli Staphylococcus aureus, metisilinduyarlı Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus spp., Candida albicans,Candida glabrata ve Candida tropicalis türlerine karşı antimikrobiyal aktivite araştırılmıştır.Bulgular: En geniş zon çapının etanolle hazırlanan ekstraktta Enterococcus spp. (8 mm) ve S. epidermidis(8 mm) suşlarına, formaldehit ve etil asetatla hazırlanan ekstraktlarda E. Coli suşuna (16 mm,28 mm), asetonla hazırlanan ekstraktta Enterococcus spp. suşuna (21 mm), metanolle hazırlananekstraktta ise metisilin duyarlı S. aureus suşuna (28 mm) karşı oluştuğu görülmüştür. Mayalarda iseen geniş zon çapının etanolle hazırlanan ekstraktta C. glabrata suşuna (12 mm), formaldehitle hazırlananekstraktta C. albicans (28 mm) ve C. tropicalis (28 mm) suşlarına, aseton, etil asetat ve metanollehazırlanan ekstraktlarda C. albicans suşuna (19 mm, 30 mm, 22 mm) karşı oluştuğu saptanmıştır.Tartışma ve Sonuç: Etil asetat ile hazırlanan ekstraktın diğer çözücülerle hazırlanan ekstraktlara kıyaslaçalışılan suşlara karşı daha geniş zon çapı oluşturduğu saptanmıştır. En geniş zon çapı E. coli, S. aureusve C. albicans türlerinde oluştuğundan, ülkemizde doğal olarak yetişen Istranca meşesinin inhibeedici etkilerine yönelik in vivo antimikrobiyal çalışmalar yapılmasının önemli olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.Öğe POTENTIAL USE OF FIRSTLY ISOLATED BACTERIA FROM YIGILCA HONEYBEES (APIS MELLIFERA L.) AND PRODUCTS AGAINST THE PATHOGENS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Uğraş, Serpil; Dursun, Hacer; Dülger, Görkem; Kekeçoğlu, MeralThe honeybees are vital to the continuity of almost all living things on earth. Unfortunately, honeybees are under the threat of many pathogens as Paenibacillus larvae. These pathogens cause severe loss in the hives resulting in bee colony extinction, which is a cause for international concern because it results in massive deaths of commercial honeybee stocks. Due to the economic and ecological importance of honeybees, it is essential to develop effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly strategies for the control of bee diseases. Among these strategies, the use of environmentally friendly biological control preparations which will be developed from its own microbiota is very important. With the idea that honeybees may be more resistant to diseases if the microbiota are supported, this study aimed to first determine the bacteria found in healthy honeybees and their products. In line with this goal, nineteen bacteria were identified with molecular techniques. These included: in the honey, Staphylococcus warneri (HD5, HD20); in the pollen, Lactobacillus kunkeei (HD6), Fructobacillus fructosus (HD8), S. lentus (HD9), Pantoea vagans (HD10), Bacillus licheniformis (HS6), Pluralibacter pyrinus (HS10) and P. anthophila (HS11); in bee bread, L. kunkeei (HD12), P. agglomerans (HD11), B. cereus (HS1 and HS3) and B. safensis (HS2 and HS4); and in the bees, B. safensis (HD18), Escherichia coli (HD13) and Enterobacter cloacae (HS19, HS20). Furthermore, it was determined that L. kunkeii (HD6 and HD12) and F. fructosus (HD8) had high inhibition activity against the American foulbrood agent P. larvae.Öğe Reability investigations of bacteriological aspects of play dough(Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency (RSNPHA), 2017) Dülger, Görkem; Çalışkan, Emel; Kılıç, Nida; Ankaralı, HandanObjective: This study aims to evaluate the play doughs which are sold in bookstores located in Düzce and are mostly used in the pre-school education institutions in terms of bacteriological due to its closely relation to child health. Methods: In total 50 samples from five different containers which belong to ten different companies were included in the study. Each of the containers was evaluated in six times as pre-play, first post-play day, first post-play week, second post-play week, third post-play week and fourth post-play week. Firstly Gram staining, later conventional methods such as catalase test, glucose test, nitrat test, voges proskauer test and Phoenix 100 BD automatize system were used for the identification of the bacteria in the samples in which growth existed. Z-test for differences between two dependent proportions was used for determining statistically the growth in pre-play and post-play period. Results: In the analysis done it figured out that while no growth existed in any culture of two companies (20%) out of 10, growth in all cultures of two products existed. In consequence of identification it was determined that all the bacteria growthing were Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus cereus which belong to Bacillus genus. It was determined that 51 (33%) of all Bacillus were B. licheniformis and 104 (67%) of them were B. cereus. In consequence of the culture study done after play, it was seen that bacterial growth decreased a little in play dough although it did not make sense statistically from first day to fourth week. Conclusion: The growthing pathogen can cause health problems such as initially food poisoning and eye infections, and edible label on most of paly dough containers available in market and used in pre-school institutions in order to strengthen hand muscles of children makes the situation worse and more dangerous. Besides, the reliability of some play douhgs which can threaten child health in our country in the sense of bacteriological were emphasized for the first time according to the literature search done.Öğe Synthesis and Characterization of Disulfide-Schiff Base Derivatives and in vitro Investigation of Their Antibacterial Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates: A New Study(Maik Nauka/Interperiodica/Springer, 2018) Durmuş, Sefa; Dalmaz, Aslıhan; Çalışkan, E.; Dülger, GörkemIn this study two different methods without a catalyst and with a CeO2 nano catalyst were used for the synthesis of dimeric disulfide-Schiff bases. The dimeric disulfide-Schiff base derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and MS spectra, and elemental analysis. The disulfide-Schiff bases and their derivatives 2-5c were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against 40 multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined. Most of products exhibited high antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii.Öğe Synthesis of disulphide-Schiff base derivatives and investigations of in vitro antimicrobial activities against some human pathogens(Sciendo, 2017) Durmuş, Sefa; Dalmaz, Aslıhan; Dülger, Görkem; Kadıoğlu, Duygu BircanThio-Schiff bases are becoming increasingly widespread in various branches such as the preparation of certain medicines, cosmetic products, and polymer production. In particular, the presence of antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor and antimalarial properties of Schiff bases containing sulfur in the structure has made these compounds attractive in different disciplines. In this study, different derivatives of dimeric disulfide-Schiff bases have been synthesized. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the synthesized these compounds were investigated in vitro against some human pathogens (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii and C. glabrata). Test microorganisms were isolated from the patients appyling to Medical Faculty Hospital of Duzce University were used. Diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activities of the compounds. standard antibacterial (Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin/clavulanicacid) and antifungal (Posaconazole) antibiotics were used as the control group and the results were compared. The result indicated that antimicrobial activity of Disulphide-Schiff Base Derivatives exhibited less activity against bacteria as compared to AMC30 (Amoxicillin/clavulanicacid), but highly effective against bacteria as compared to CTX30 (Cefotaxime). In addition, the compounds exhibited less activity against yeast.Öğe Synthesis of disulphide-Schiff base derivatives, investigation of their antibacterial and anti-candidal activities(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Dalmaz, Aslıhan; Durmuş, Sefa; Dülger, Görkem; Kadıoğlu, Duygu Bircan…