“GURBET KUŞLARI” ADLI ESERDE GÖÇ KURAMLARININ İZİNİ SÜRMEK
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Tarih
2019
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Göç, insanlık tarihi kadar eski bir olgudur. İnsanoğlu çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı kitlesel ya da bireysel mekândeğişikliği yapmıştır. Göç doğal bir süreçtir. Çünkü yaşamın bir parçasıdır. Göçün sebepleri, farklılık gösterir.Kültürel, ekonomik ya da siyasi nedenlerden olabilir. Göç aynı zamanda toplumun yapısını da değiştirir. Farklıkültürden insanların bir araya gelmesini sağlar. Bir araya gelmek olumlu olabileceği gibi olumsuz sonuçlar dadoğurabilir. Bireylerin birbirine uyumu, uyumsuzluklarını ortaya çıkarır. Bu durum göçü, farklı yönlerdenincelemeyi de beraberinde getirmiştir. Göçün nedenlerinin farklı olması, zamana, topluma göre farklılık arz etmesifarklı göç kuramlarının doğmasına sebep olmuştur. Göç, nedenlerine, biçimlerine bakılarak farklı kuramlarlaaçıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Sadece sosyolojinin konusu değil, edebiyatın da en çok işlenen temalarından biri olduğubir gerçektir. Türk Edebiyatında romanlarda, hikâyelerde en fazla göçü işleyen yazarlardan biri de OrhanKemal’dir. Kırdan kente göçü, yoksulluğu, kültürel yozlaşmayı işleyen yazar Gurbet Kuşları adlı eserinde 1950’liyıllardaki köyden kente göçü konu edinir. Çalışmamızda Gurbet Kuşları adlı eser, Ravenstein Kuramı, İtme ÇekmeKuramı İlişkiler Ağı (Network) Kuramı, Kesişen Fırsatlar Kuramı ve Petersen’in Beş Göç Kuramına göreincelenecektir.
Migration is a phenomenon as old as human history. Mankind has made mass or individual location changes for various reasons. Migration is a natural process because it is a part of life. The reasons for migration differ; it can be cultural, economic or political. At the same time, migration also changes the structure of society. It allows people from different cultures to come together, and coming together can be positive, but it also has negative consequences as it exposes harmony or disharmony among individuals. Different reasons for migration have led to the examination of migration from different perspectives. The fact that migration has different reasons, relative to time and society, results in different theories about migration. The theme of migration is not only confined to the field of sociology, but it is one of the most popular subjects of literature as well. In Turkish literature, Orhan Kemal is one of the writers who frequently take up the theme of migration in his novels. In his novel, Gurbet Kuşları, he deals with the subject of migration from the rural areas to the city during the 1950s as well as the subjects of poverty and cultural degeneration. Our study will be conducted in accordance with Ravenstein’s theory of migration, migration network theory, migration systems theory, centre-periphery theory, theory of intervening opportunities, Petersen’s five immigration theories, push and pull theory of migration.
Migration is a phenomenon as old as human history. Mankind has made mass or individual location changes for various reasons. Migration is a natural process because it is a part of life. The reasons for migration differ; it can be cultural, economic or political. At the same time, migration also changes the structure of society. It allows people from different cultures to come together, and coming together can be positive, but it also has negative consequences as it exposes harmony or disharmony among individuals. Different reasons for migration have led to the examination of migration from different perspectives. The fact that migration has different reasons, relative to time and society, results in different theories about migration. The theme of migration is not only confined to the field of sociology, but it is one of the most popular subjects of literature as well. In Turkish literature, Orhan Kemal is one of the writers who frequently take up the theme of migration in his novels. In his novel, Gurbet Kuşları, he deals with the subject of migration from the rural areas to the city during the 1950s as well as the subjects of poverty and cultural degeneration. Our study will be conducted in accordance with Ravenstein’s theory of migration, migration network theory, migration systems theory, centre-periphery theory, theory of intervening opportunities, Petersen’s five immigration theories, push and pull theory of migration.
Açıklama
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Kaynak
Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi
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Cilt
23
Sayı
1
