Girişimcilikte yeni bir fon kaynağı olarak kitlesel fonlama: Kitlesel fonlama platformlarına yönelik bir inceleme
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Girişimcilik ekonomiye olan katkısı, istihdamı arttırıcı etkisi ve teknolojik gelişmelerin artmasını sağlaması açısından büyük öneme sahiptir. Girişimcilerin sorunlarının çözülmesi ekonomi, istihdam ve gelişim için gereklidir. Girişimcilerin yaşadığı sorunlardan birisi finansman kaynağı sorunudur. Finansman kaynağı sorunun çözümü için geleneksel ve alternatif çözümler bulunmaktadır. Girişimciler, finansman sorunlarının çözümü için; aile ve arkadaşlar, banka kredileri gibi geleneksel yöntemlerin yanında; melek yatırımcılar, risk sermayesi, finansal kiralama gibi yöntemlerde kullanmaktadır. Girişimcilerin finansman sorununa çözüm olarak son yıllarda ortaya çıkan alternatif yöntemlerden birisi ise kitlesel fonlamadır. Kitlesel fonlama, internet aracılığı ile fon sağlayıcılar ve girişimcilerin, buluştuğu, fon sağlayıcıların girişimcilere ödül, bağış, oy hakkı, hisse veya borçlanma karşılığında fon sağladığı bir finansman sistemidir. Kitlesel fonlama sisteminin ödül, bağış, borç ve paya dayalı kitlesel fonlama olmak üzere 4 temel türü bulunmaktadır. Türkiye'de kitlesel fonlama 11 yıllık bir geçmişe sahiptir. 2021 yılına kadar resmi nedenlerle Türkiye'de sadece ödüle dayalı kitlesel fonlama platformları bulunmaktaydı. 2021 yılında resmi engellerin kalkması ile Türkiye'de paya dayalı kitlesel fonlama başlamıştır. 2021 yılında başlayan paya dayalı kitlesel fonlama girişimcilerin finansman kaynağı sorununa çözüm olmakta ve Türkiye'de girişimciliğe katkı sağlamaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı paya dayalı kitlesel fonlama sistemini başlangıcından bugüne dek inceleyerek, hangi sektörlerin kitlesel fonlamaya daha uygun olduğunun görülmesini sağlamak ve paya dayalı kitlesel fonlamanın geçmişten günümüze olan durumunu göstermektir. Çalışma nitel araştırma tekniklerinden doküman analizi tekniğiyle yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren 4 paya, 1 ödüle dayalı platformdan veriler toplanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada; yazılım, eğitim, elektrik- elektronik ve yapay zekâ alanlarındaki girişimlerin kitlesel fonlamayı daha çok tercih ettiği görülmüştür. Biyoteknoloji, elektrik-elektronik, enerji, finans, tarım ve yapay zekâ alanlarındaki girişimlerin %100 başarıya sahip olmaları nedeniyle bu alanlardaki girişimlerin kitlesel fonlamaya uygun olduğu düşünülmektedir. Tarım alanı en yüksek fonun toplandığı alandır. Çalışmada paya dayalı kitlesel fonlamanın her yıl kullanımının arttığı görülmüştür. Bu veriler ışığında kullanımının dahada artacağı tahmin edilmektedir.
Entrepreneurship is of great importance with its contribution to the economy, is employment-increasing effect and the increase in technological developments. Solving the problems of entrepreneurs is necessary for the economy, employment and development. One of the problems experienced by entrepreneurs is the problem of financing sources. There are traditional and alternative solutions to solve the financing source problem. Entrepreneurs, to solve their financing problems; In addition to traditional methods such as family and friends, bank loans; It is used in methods such as angel investors, venture capital and financial leasing. One of the alternative methods that have emerged in recent years as a solution to the financing problem of entrepreneurs is crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is a financing system where fund providers and entrepreneurs meet via the internet, and fund providers provide funds to entrepreneurs in exchange for rewards, donations, voting rights, shares or debt. There are four basic types of crowdfunding system: reward, donation, debt and equity crowdfunding. Crowdfunding in Turkey has an 11-year history. Until 2021, there were only reward-based crowdfunding platforms in Turkey for official reasons. With the removal of official obstacles in 2021, equity crowdfunding started in Turkey. equity crowdfunding, which started in 2021, is a solution to the financing source problem of entrepreneurs and contributes to entrepreneurship in Turkey. The goal of the study is to examine the equity crowdfunding system from its beginning to the present, to see which sectors are more suitable for crowdfunding, and to show the situation of equity crowdfunding from past to present. The study was conducted using the document analysis technique, one of the qualitative research techniques. In the study, data were collected and analyzed from 4 equity and 1 award-based platforms operating in Turkey. In the study; It has been observed that startups in the fields of software, education, electrical-electronics and artificial intelligence prefer crowdfunding more. Since startups in the fields of biotechnology, electrical-electronics, energy, finance, agriculture and artificial intelligence have 100% success, startups in these areas are thought to be suitable for crowdfunding. Agriculture is the area where the highest funds are collected. The study showed that the use of equity crowdfunding is increasing every year. In light of this data, it is estimated that its use will increase regularly in the future.
Entrepreneurship is of great importance with its contribution to the economy, is employment-increasing effect and the increase in technological developments. Solving the problems of entrepreneurs is necessary for the economy, employment and development. One of the problems experienced by entrepreneurs is the problem of financing sources. There are traditional and alternative solutions to solve the financing source problem. Entrepreneurs, to solve their financing problems; In addition to traditional methods such as family and friends, bank loans; It is used in methods such as angel investors, venture capital and financial leasing. One of the alternative methods that have emerged in recent years as a solution to the financing problem of entrepreneurs is crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is a financing system where fund providers and entrepreneurs meet via the internet, and fund providers provide funds to entrepreneurs in exchange for rewards, donations, voting rights, shares or debt. There are four basic types of crowdfunding system: reward, donation, debt and equity crowdfunding. Crowdfunding in Turkey has an 11-year history. Until 2021, there were only reward-based crowdfunding platforms in Turkey for official reasons. With the removal of official obstacles in 2021, equity crowdfunding started in Turkey. equity crowdfunding, which started in 2021, is a solution to the financing source problem of entrepreneurs and contributes to entrepreneurship in Turkey. The goal of the study is to examine the equity crowdfunding system from its beginning to the present, to see which sectors are more suitable for crowdfunding, and to show the situation of equity crowdfunding from past to present. The study was conducted using the document analysis technique, one of the qualitative research techniques. In the study, data were collected and analyzed from 4 equity and 1 award-based platforms operating in Turkey. In the study; It has been observed that startups in the fields of software, education, electrical-electronics and artificial intelligence prefer crowdfunding more. Since startups in the fields of biotechnology, electrical-electronics, energy, finance, agriculture and artificial intelligence have 100% success, startups in these areas are thought to be suitable for crowdfunding. Agriculture is the area where the highest funds are collected. The study showed that the use of equity crowdfunding is increasing every year. In light of this data, it is estimated that its use will increase regularly in the future.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İşletme, Business Administration
