Investigation of the effects of shallow and deep cryogenic treatment on the mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI 431 martensitic stainless steel

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dc.contributor.authorYildiz, Emre
dc.contributor.authorOzbek, Nursel Altan
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-11T20:48:10Z
dc.date.available2025-10-11T20:48:10Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThis study aimed to determine the effects of cryogenic treatment to increase the hardness, wear resistance, and tensile strength of AISI 431 martensitic stainless steel. After austenitizing, quenching, and tempering, the steel samples were subjected to shallow cryogenic treatment at -80 degrees C and deep cryogenic treatment at -180 degrees C. Samples were cryopreserved for 12 and 24 h in each case. Following these processes, a tempering heat treatment was applied at 200 degrees C for 120 min. Experimental results revealed that cryogenic treatment positively affected the mechanical properties of AISI 431 steel. Samples that underwent a 24-h deep cryogenic treatment, however, yielded the best mechanical characteristics. Wear resistance was most significantly affected by cryogenic treatment. Compared to the sample with only conventional hardening, the wear rate of the sample with deep cryogenic treatment for 24 h was 82% lower. Between shallow and deep cryogenic treatment types, samples treated with deep cryogenic treatment exhibited superior properties. In both species, longer cryogenic treatment holding time resulted in greater improvement in mechanical properties. Deep cryogenic treatment for 24 h provided approximately 5.61%, 7.49% and 1.75% increase in hardness, yield strength and tensile strength, respectively. In addition, cryogenic treatment has been shown to effectively reduce residual austenite, providing more homogeneous carbide distribution and new carbide precipitation.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipDuezce Universitesi [BAP-2020.22.01.1114]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Duezce Universitesi, (grant number BAP-2020.22.01.1114).en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/03019233251348117
dc.identifier.issn0301-9233
dc.identifier.issn1743-2812
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1177/03019233251348117
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/21775
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001513843100001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSage Publications Incen_US
dc.relation.ispartofIronmaking & Steelmakingen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250911
dc.subjectShallow and deep cryogenic treatmenten_US
dc.subjectholding timeen_US
dc.subjectAISI 431 steelen_US
dc.subjectmechanical propertiesen_US
dc.subjectwear resistanceen_US
dc.subjectmicrostructureen_US
dc.titleInvestigation of the effects of shallow and deep cryogenic treatment on the mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI 431 martensitic stainless steelen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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