Buhârî'nin Kitâbü'l-iman bölümünün müslüman düşüncesindeki iman tartışmaları bağlamında değerlendirilmesi
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Tarih
2023
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Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İslâmî terminolojide iman; güvende bulunmak, korkmamak, anlamında emn kökünden türemiştir. İman, inanmak ve güven içinde olmak demektir. Terim olarak, Yüce Allah tarafından Hz. Muhammed'e vahyedilenlerin doğru olduğunu kabul edip, inanmak demektir. Bu inanca sahip olana mümin denir. İslâm inancının ilahi vahye dayanması ve imana dair ilkelerin dinde asıl olması nedeniyle iman, kesin ve doğru bilgiye dayanmaktadır. Kelamda iman esasları üç ana bölümde özetlenmiştir. Bunlar uluhiyet, nübüvvet ve ahirettir. Tüm dini inanışlarda olduğu gibi İslâm düşüncesinde inanç ve düşünce iç ve dış faktörlerden az veya çok etkilenmiştir. Özellikle Hz. Peygamber dönemi sonrasında meydana gelen siyasî ve sosyal birtakım hadiseler İslâm'da özellikle iman konusunda birbirinden farklı anlayışların ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Hz. Osman (öl. 35/656) dönemi ve sonrasında yaşanan siyasî, hukuki ve sosyal olaylar toplumda derin izler bırakmış, kendinden sonraki dönemleri etkilemiş ve daha sonra ortaya çıkan düşünce ve inanç tanımlarında etkili olmuştur. Bu konulardaki farklı düşünce ve inanç yaklaşımları ekollerin oluşmasında etkili olmuştur. Her ekol bu görüşleri kendi inanç ve düşüncesinde farklı şekillerde delillendirip, değerlendirmiştir. Bunun sonucunda da bu alanda ciddi bir literatür oluşmuştur. Bu alanda ilk yazılı görüş beyan edenler Hâricîler olmuştur. Ardından onların dışlayıcı, tekfire dayanan ve şiddete yönelten iman düşüncelerine ilk tenkitler Kitabu'l-İrca ve Kitabu'l-İman adıyla eserler kaleme alan Mürcie'den gelmiştir. Başlangıçta Hâricîler ve Mürcie arasından yaşanan tartışmalara, Ehl-i Hadîs ve Ehl-i Re'y'de katılmıştır. Ehl-i Re'y'in önde gelen temsilcilerinden Ebû Hanîfe (öl. 150/767) bu alanda yazdığı eserler ve görüşleri ile bu tartışmaların ortasında kalmıştır. Ebû Hanîfe'nin bu konudaki görüşleri Ehl-i Hadîs tarafından tepki almasına neden olmuştur. Bu dönemde dikkat çeken önemli hususlardan biri de Hadis kitaplarının Kitabü'l-İman bölümlerinin ve Ehl-i Hadîs mensuplarının Harici iman anlayışını tenkit etmekten daha çok Ebû Hanîfe ve Mürcie'nin iman görüşlerini eleştirmeleridir.
Faith in Islamic terminology; It is derived from the root emn, meaning to be safe, not afraid. Faith means believing and affirming with confidence. As a term, by Almighty Allah, Hz. It means accepting and believing that what was revealed to Muhammad is true. A person who has this belief is called a believer. Since the belief in Islam is based on divine revelation and the principles of belief are fundamental in religion, belief is based on precise and accurate knowledge. The principles of belief in kalam are summarized in three main sections. Divinity is prophecy and the hereafter. As in all religious beliefs, belief and thought in Islamic thought were more or less affected by internal and external factors. Especially Hz. Some political and social events that took place after the period of the Prophet led to the emergence of different understandings in Islam, especially about faith. Hz. The political, legal and social events experienced during and after the Osman period left deep traces in the society, affected the following periods and were influential in the definitions of thought and belief that emerged later. Different thoughts and belief approaches on these issues have been effective in the formation of schools. Each school has proven and evaluated these views in different ways in their own belief and thought. As a result, a serious literature has emerged in this field. The Kharijites were the first to express a written opinion in this area. Afterwards, the first criticisms of their beliefs about iman, which is exclusive, based on takfir and leading to violence, came from Mürcie, who wrote books under the names of Kitabu'l-İrca and Kitabu'l-İmân. In the beginning, Ahl-i Hadith and Ahl-i Rey also participated in the discussions between the Kharijites and the Murcie. Ebu Hanife, one of the prominent representatives of Ahl-i Rey, was in the middle of these discussions with his works and views in this field. Abu Hanifa's views on this subject caused reactions from the Ahl al-Hadith. One of the important points that attracted attention in this period is that the Kitabü'l-İman sections of the hadith books criticize the beliefs of Ebu Hanife and Mürcie rather than criticizing the understanding of external belief by the members of Ahl-i Hadith.
Faith in Islamic terminology; It is derived from the root emn, meaning to be safe, not afraid. Faith means believing and affirming with confidence. As a term, by Almighty Allah, Hz. It means accepting and believing that what was revealed to Muhammad is true. A person who has this belief is called a believer. Since the belief in Islam is based on divine revelation and the principles of belief are fundamental in religion, belief is based on precise and accurate knowledge. The principles of belief in kalam are summarized in three main sections. Divinity is prophecy and the hereafter. As in all religious beliefs, belief and thought in Islamic thought were more or less affected by internal and external factors. Especially Hz. Some political and social events that took place after the period of the Prophet led to the emergence of different understandings in Islam, especially about faith. Hz. The political, legal and social events experienced during and after the Osman period left deep traces in the society, affected the following periods and were influential in the definitions of thought and belief that emerged later. Different thoughts and belief approaches on these issues have been effective in the formation of schools. Each school has proven and evaluated these views in different ways in their own belief and thought. As a result, a serious literature has emerged in this field. The Kharijites were the first to express a written opinion in this area. Afterwards, the first criticisms of their beliefs about iman, which is exclusive, based on takfir and leading to violence, came from Mürcie, who wrote books under the names of Kitabu'l-İrca and Kitabu'l-İmân. In the beginning, Ahl-i Hadith and Ahl-i Rey also participated in the discussions between the Kharijites and the Murcie. Ebu Hanife, one of the prominent representatives of Ahl-i Rey, was in the middle of these discussions with his works and views in this field. Abu Hanifa's views on this subject caused reactions from the Ahl al-Hadith. One of the important points that attracted attention in this period is that the Kitabü'l-İman sections of the hadith books criticize the beliefs of Ebu Hanife and Mürcie rather than criticizing the understanding of external belief by the members of Ahl-i Hadith.
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Anahtar Kelimeler
Din, Religion
