Doğu marmara bölgesinde marulda kurşuni küf hastalığı etmeni (Botrytis cinerea Pers. Ex. Fr.)'nin bazı fungisitlere karşı duyarlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi
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Tarih
2022
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Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Marul üretiminde sorun olan önemli hastalıklardan birisi de Botrytis cinerea etmeninin neden olduğu kurşuni küf hastalığıdır. Bu etmen fungisitlere karşı en hızlı dayanıklılık kazanan mikroorganizmaların başında gelmektedir. Bu tez çalışması marulda kurşuni küf hastalığına neden olan Botrytis cinerea etmeninin bazı fungisitlere karşı duyarlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Örtüaltı marul üretiminin yapıldığı Bilecik ili Söğüt ilçesinden alınan örneklerden izolatlar elde edilmiştir. İzolatlar koloni morfolojileri yönüyle misel gelişimleri, sporulasyon ve sklerot üretimleri dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. İzolatların 125 g/L fluopyram+375 g/L pyrimethanil, % 26.7 boscalid+% 6.7 pyraclostrobin ve 75 g/L fluxapyroxad+50 g/L difenoconazole aktif maddelerini içeren fungisitlere karşı olan duyarlılığındaki azalmalar in vitro koşullarda belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalar sonucunda 20 adet izolat elde edilmiştir. Koloni morfolojisine göre 4 adet izolat miseyal grupta yer alırken 16 adet izolat sklerot grubunda yer almıştır. İn vitro çalışmalar sonucunda fluopyram+pyrimethanil ve boscalid+pyraclostrobin aktif maddelerini içeren fungisitlere karşı en yüksek EC50 değeri M2 nolu izolatta tespit edilmiştir. M2 izolatı için hesaplanan EC50 değeri sırasıyla 37.657 µg/ml ve 51.025 µg/ml olarak belirlenmiştir. Fluxapyroxad+difenoconazole aktif maddelerini içeren fungiside karşı ise en yüksek EC50 değeri 11.154 µg/ml ile M8 nolu izolatta belirlenmiştir. Koparılmış yaprak demelerinde her bir fungiside karşı en yüksek EC50 değerine sahip olan 2 adet ve en düşük EC50 değerine sahip olan bir adet izolat seçilmiş ve denenmiştir. Denemeler sonucunda EC50 değeri yüksek olan izolatlar marul yapraklarında lezyon oluşturmuştur. Fungisitler bu izolatları engellemede başarısız olmuştur. Buna karşı EC50 değeri düşük olan izolatlar ise marul yapraklarında lezyon oluşturamamıştır. Bu durum bu izolatların fungisitlere karşı duyarlı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Hem in vitro koşullarda hem de koparılmış yaprak denemelerinde bazı Botrytis cinerea izolatlarının kullanılan fungisitlere karşı duyarlılık düzeylerinde azalmalar olduğu belirlenmiştir.
One of the important diseases that causes a problem in lettuce production is gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea. This pathogen is one of the microorganisms that gain the fastest resistance to fungicides. This thesis study was carried out to determine the susceptibility levels of Botrytis cinerea, which causes gray mold in lettuce, to some fungicides. Isolates were obtained from the samples taken from greenhouse lettuce production area in Söğüt district of Bilecik province. The isolates were evaluated according to colony morphology based on mycelial growth, sporulation and sclerotia production. The decreases in susceptibility of the isolates toward fungicides containing the active substances 125 g/L fluopyram+375 g/L pyrimethanil, 26.7% boscalid+6.7% pyraclostrobin and 75 g/L fluxapyroxad+50 g/L difenoconazole are determined in vitro condition. As a result of the studies, 20 isolates were obtained from samples. According to the colony morphology, 4 isolates were grouped in the mycelial group, while 16 isolates were grouped in the sclerotia group. As a result of in vitro studies, the highest EC50 value determined in isolate of M2 against fungicides containing Fluopyram+pyrimethanil and boscalid+pyraclostrobin active substances. The EC50 values calculated for M2 isolate was determined as 37.657 µg/ml and 51.025 µg/ml, respectively. Against the fungicide containing fluxapyroxad+difenoconazole active substances, the highest EC50 value was determined in isolate of M8 with 11.154 µg/ml. In detached leaf test, 2 isolates with the highest EC50 value and 1 isolate with the lowest EC50 value were chosen and tested against each fungicide. As a result of the experiments, isolates with high EC50 values formed lesions on lettuce leaves. Fungicides have failed to inhibit these isolates. On the other hand, isolate with low EC50 value could not form lesions on lettuce leaves. This situation reveals that the isolate is sensitive to fungicides. It has been determined that some Botrytis cinerea isolates have low susceptibility toward used fungicides, both in vitro conditions and in detached leaf test.
One of the important diseases that causes a problem in lettuce production is gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea. This pathogen is one of the microorganisms that gain the fastest resistance to fungicides. This thesis study was carried out to determine the susceptibility levels of Botrytis cinerea, which causes gray mold in lettuce, to some fungicides. Isolates were obtained from the samples taken from greenhouse lettuce production area in Söğüt district of Bilecik province. The isolates were evaluated according to colony morphology based on mycelial growth, sporulation and sclerotia production. The decreases in susceptibility of the isolates toward fungicides containing the active substances 125 g/L fluopyram+375 g/L pyrimethanil, 26.7% boscalid+6.7% pyraclostrobin and 75 g/L fluxapyroxad+50 g/L difenoconazole are determined in vitro condition. As a result of the studies, 20 isolates were obtained from samples. According to the colony morphology, 4 isolates were grouped in the mycelial group, while 16 isolates were grouped in the sclerotia group. As a result of in vitro studies, the highest EC50 value determined in isolate of M2 against fungicides containing Fluopyram+pyrimethanil and boscalid+pyraclostrobin active substances. The EC50 values calculated for M2 isolate was determined as 37.657 µg/ml and 51.025 µg/ml, respectively. Against the fungicide containing fluxapyroxad+difenoconazole active substances, the highest EC50 value was determined in isolate of M8 with 11.154 µg/ml. In detached leaf test, 2 isolates with the highest EC50 value and 1 isolate with the lowest EC50 value were chosen and tested against each fungicide. As a result of the experiments, isolates with high EC50 values formed lesions on lettuce leaves. Fungicides have failed to inhibit these isolates. On the other hand, isolate with low EC50 value could not form lesions on lettuce leaves. This situation reveals that the isolate is sensitive to fungicides. It has been determined that some Botrytis cinerea isolates have low susceptibility toward used fungicides, both in vitro conditions and in detached leaf test.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
