Elazığ Müzesi’nden Bir Grup Urartu Mühürü
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Tarih
2020
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada Elazığ Müzesi’nden dokuz adet Urartu Dönemi’netarihlenen mühür değerlendirilmiştir. Bunlar iç bükey gövdeli çan, makara,yarı küre, silindir-damga, dört yüzlü damga ve silindir biçimli olmak üzerealtı gruba ayrılır. Malzeme olarak granit, alabaster, kireçtaşı ve bronzdanüretilmişlerdir. Mühürler üzerindeki bezemeler linear ve delgi yöntemleriyleyapılmıştır. Elazığ Müzesi mühürlerinde bezeme olarak at, dağ keçisi,ceylan, geyik, akrep, tavuk, kuş, insanlar, mitolojik yaratıklar, hilal ve hayatağacı kullanılmıştır. İçe dönük çan, makara ve yarı küre formlu mühürlerindamga kısmında tekli figürler vardır. Ancak dört yüzlü damga ve silindirmühürlerde ziyafet ve tapınma gibi sahneler görülmektedir. Ayrıcamühürlerde bezeme ya da dolgu motifi olarak kullanılmış içi boş dairelerde bulunmaktadır. İncelediğimiz mühürlerin, çağdaşları Geç Hitit ve YeniAssur örnekleri ile benzerlikleri bulunmakla birlikte kendine has özellikleride söz konusudur. Elazığ Müzesi mühürlerinden ip delikli olanlar üründenetiminde ya da kolye ucu olarak; tutamaklı ve damga kısmı bulunanlarise olasılıkla çivi yazılı tabletler ve çanak çömleklerde baskı amaçlıkullanılmıştır. Urartu Krallığı’nda mühürdarlar da söz konusudur. Urartuçivi yazılı metinlerinde mühür taşıyıcısı LÚNA4.DIB ideogramı ile geçer. Buideogramın geçtiği tabletler Bastam ve Karmir-Blur’da ele geçmiştir. Urartukazılarından ele geçen mühürlerle yapılan karşılaştırmalar neticesindeElazığ Müzesi mühürleri de MÖ 8.-7. yüzyıllara tarihlendirilebilir.
In this study, nine seals from the Elazığ Museum dating to the Urartian period were evaluated. Th ese seals can be divided into six groups as bellshaped, pulley, hemispherical, cylinder stamp, four-sided and cylindrical shape. Th ey are made of granite, alabaster, limestone and bronze. Th e ornaments on the seals are made in linear and drill technique which included horse, mountain goat, gazelle, deer, scorpion, chicken, bird, people, mythological creature, crescent and tree of life. While the inward-bell shaped, pulley and hemispherical seals features single fi gures on the stamp section. Th e four-sided and cylindrical shape seals illustrate scenes such as banquet and worship. Th ere are also hollow circles as ornaments or inlay motif. Th e seals we have examined have similarities with the examples from contemporary Neo-Hittite and Neo-Assyrian samples, but they also have their own unique features. Seals with rope holes probably used for product supervision or as pendant; those with handles and stamps were probably used for sealing tablets or their clay envelopes and pottery. Th ere are also seal bearer in the Urartian Kingdom that appears in cuneiform texts with the ideogram LÚNA4.DIB. Tablets with this ideogram were found in Bastam and Karmir-Blur. Th e Elazığ Museum seals were dated to 8.-7. centuries BC by comparing them with the seals recovered from the Urartian excavations.
In this study, nine seals from the Elazığ Museum dating to the Urartian period were evaluated. Th ese seals can be divided into six groups as bellshaped, pulley, hemispherical, cylinder stamp, four-sided and cylindrical shape. Th ey are made of granite, alabaster, limestone and bronze. Th e ornaments on the seals are made in linear and drill technique which included horse, mountain goat, gazelle, deer, scorpion, chicken, bird, people, mythological creature, crescent and tree of life. While the inward-bell shaped, pulley and hemispherical seals features single fi gures on the stamp section. Th e four-sided and cylindrical shape seals illustrate scenes such as banquet and worship. Th ere are also hollow circles as ornaments or inlay motif. Th e seals we have examined have similarities with the examples from contemporary Neo-Hittite and Neo-Assyrian samples, but they also have their own unique features. Seals with rope holes probably used for product supervision or as pendant; those with handles and stamps were probably used for sealing tablets or their clay envelopes and pottery. Th ere are also seal bearer in the Urartian Kingdom that appears in cuneiform texts with the ideogram LÚNA4.DIB. Tablets with this ideogram were found in Bastam and Karmir-Blur. Th e Elazığ Museum seals were dated to 8.-7. centuries BC by comparing them with the seals recovered from the Urartian excavations.
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Kaynak
Seleucia (ad Calycadnum)
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
10
Sayı
10
