OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU’NUN DOĞU KARADENİZ SINIRINDA EMRAZ-I SÂRİYE İLE MÜCADELE: BATUM VE HOPA KARANTİNAHANELERİ
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2020
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
1838 yılında Osmanlı Devleti’nde kurumsal hale getirilen karantina idaresi, kısasürede taşraya yaygınlaştırılarak geniş bir teşkilat haline getirilmişti. Batum, XIX.yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti’nin Rus Çarlığı ile Doğu Karadeniz’deki sınırkentlerinden biri olması sebebiyle özel bir öneme sahipti. Abdülmecid dönemindekurulan Batum Karantinahanesi, uzun yıllar Doğu Karadeniz sınırındaki sıhhikontrolleri sağlamış olmakla birlikte, Berlin Antlaşması’yla Batum’un eldençıkmasıyla Doğu Karadeniz sınırı Hopa’ya kaymıştı. Bu tarihten sonra LazistanSancağı’na bağlı Hopa’daki karantinahane daha da kurumsallaşmıştı. Karadenizkıyılarında kurulan iki büyük tahaffuzhane olan Kavak ve Sinop’un yükünühafifletmek için yüzyılın sonunda Hopa Karantinahanesi, geçici olarak tahaffuzhaneye de tahvil edilmişti.Bu makalede XIX. yüzyılın sonunda Doğu Karadeniz sınırının salgın hastalıklardan muhafazasında büyük önem teşkil eden iki kuruluş olan Batum ve Hopakarantinahaneleri incelenecektir. Batum’un elden çıkışı sonrası II. Abdülhamiddöneminde Hopa Karantinahanesi’nin nasıl daha iyi işler bir hale getirildiği veneden geçici de olsa tahaffuzhane haline getirildiği gibi soruların cevapları aranmıştır.
The practice of quarantine was among the precautions against the Black Sea Region epidemic in the 19th century. The Ottoman Government established an administration for quarantine, which was institutionalized in 1838. It turned into a large organization and expanded to the provinces in a short time, including Batum, a border town in the Eastern Black Sea with Russia. Batum had a special significance for the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. Batum Quarantine was imposed during the reign of Sultan Abdülmecid, with compelling sanitary controls in the Eastern Black Sea for many years until the Eastern Black Sea border shifted to Hopa when Batum was lost according to Treaty of Berlin. Henceforth, Hopa Quarantine at the Sanjak of Lazistan was further institutionalized. Towards the end of the century, the Hopa Quarantine was temporarily transformed into a tahaffuzhane to lessen the burden of Kavak and Sinop, two major tahaffuzhanes at the time in the Black Sea coast. This paper sheds light on how the Hopa quarantine was made better in the Sultan Hamid II period than the one previously established before the loss of Batumi and why Hopa quarantine was transformed into a tahaffuzhane.
The practice of quarantine was among the precautions against the Black Sea Region epidemic in the 19th century. The Ottoman Government established an administration for quarantine, which was institutionalized in 1838. It turned into a large organization and expanded to the provinces in a short time, including Batum, a border town in the Eastern Black Sea with Russia. Batum had a special significance for the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. Batum Quarantine was imposed during the reign of Sultan Abdülmecid, with compelling sanitary controls in the Eastern Black Sea for many years until the Eastern Black Sea border shifted to Hopa when Batum was lost according to Treaty of Berlin. Henceforth, Hopa Quarantine at the Sanjak of Lazistan was further institutionalized. Towards the end of the century, the Hopa Quarantine was temporarily transformed into a tahaffuzhane to lessen the burden of Kavak and Sinop, two major tahaffuzhanes at the time in the Black Sea coast. This paper sheds light on how the Hopa quarantine was made better in the Sultan Hamid II period than the one previously established before the loss of Batumi and why Hopa quarantine was transformed into a tahaffuzhane.
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Karadeniz İncelemeleri Dergisi
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14
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28
